Department of Biotechnologies, Agroindustry and Health protection Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment ENEA’s activities for agroenergy development in Italy Vito Pignatelli

Energy use by source in Italy (2005) Source: ENEA - Energy and Environment Report 2006 Total energy use: 197,8 Mtoe

Energy production from renewable energy sources in Italy (2005) Source: ENEA - Energy and Environment Report 2006 ktoe Total energy use: 197,8 Mtoe

Agroenergy in Italy Domestic and district heating (wood and wood residues) Process heat (wood industries, distilleries etc.) Production of electricity (biomass, vegetable oils, biogas) Liquid biofuels for transport (biodiesel, bioethanol)

Electricity production from RES in Italy (2005) Source: ENEA - Energy and Environment Report 2006

Raw materials for agroenergy production End useSource ResiduesLocally produced energy crops Import Domestic & district heating●●● Process heating● Production of electricity from: - Wood and other biomass - Vegetable oils - Biogas ●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●● Liquid biofuels●●

Italian biomass potential for energy use Source: C.T.I. data Year 2004: 47 Mtoe d.m.

Import of wood chips, fuel and residues Source: FAO Forestry database

Biodiesel production and market in Italy. Years Source: European Biodiesel Board / Assobiodiesel

A “vision” of agroenergy systems 1.Crops choice and innovation 2.Technologies availability 3.Plant size identification 4.Targeting objectives by incentives selection 5.Main research options

Looking from the farming side……. Do not use cereal grains Avoiding competition with food crops and research for new crop models Integration, not substitution Short term: integration by annual crops / medium-long term: substitution on marginal lands, perennial crops Innovation for low-input cultivation techniques No or minimum tillage, low use of fertilizer, precision farming, no irrigation

ENEA activities for supporting agroenergy growth by: Performing feasibility studies of agroenergy chains and districts Developing support maps for energy policy planning and biomass land potential assessment Implementing GIS tools to support biomass exploitation projects Supporting Environmental Impact Assessment of bioelectricity power plants “Valle dei Latini” agro-energy district: forest residues potential

ENEA main RTD activities for the development of agroenergy in Italy (1/4) Screening and evaluation of the productivity and duration of new crops suitable for energy and/or biofuel production, with the main objective of identifying the more promising species and varieties for marginal or abandoned lands in the climatic conditions of Southern Italy

ENEA main RTD activities for the development of agroenergy in Italy (2/4) Research and development of new technologies for the production of “second generation” liquid biofuels as, for example, ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials

ENEA main RTD activities for the development of agroenergy in Italy (3/4) Development of medium ( kW e ) and small- scale (less than 20 kW e ) gasifiers to produce electricity for local uses (farm, wood processing factories etc.) Research and development of innovative processes for the production of syngas or hydrogen by steam/oxygen gasification of biomass

ENEA main RTD activities for the development of agroenergy in Italy (4/4) Exploitation of microalgae for CO 2 mitigation and biofuel production CO 2 Solar energy Biodiesel H2H2H2H2