Starter Put these things into groups…

Objectives Outline how organisms are classified and what binomial naming is. Create a key for 10 organisms. Key terms: classification, taxonomy, Linnaean, binomial. Outcomes 3: Describe key features of different animal and plant phyla. 5: Explain how features are used to classify organisms into these phyla. 7: Produce a coherent piece of work fully exploring the key features and differences for plant and animal phyla.

Tasks For a bacterium, a plant and 2 animals go through and find their Linnaean classification. What similarities and differences do you notice? Why is this? Key terms: classification, taxonomy, Linnaean, binomial. Outcomes 3: Describe key features of different animal and plant phyla. 5: Explain how features are used to classify organisms into these phyla. 7: Produce a coherent piece of work fully exploring the key features and differences for plant and animal phyla.

What is classification? Taxonomy is a form of classification that focuses on physical similarities between different species, for ease of naming and identification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into groups of various sizes on the basis of shared features. Phylogeny is the classification of organisms by these evolutionary relationships, so that every group shares a common ancestor.

The taxonomic hierarchy

6 Hierarchy of Taxa for Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Choosing taxa

Linnaean taxonomy The first scientist to introduce a formal system of taxonomy was Carl Linnaeus. Linnaean taxonomy is still the basis of the systems we use today. There are many different, and equally valid, ways of classifying organisms by shared features. It is important to be able to choose key features and ignore others. For instance, many insects and birds are capable of winged flight, but the two groups are otherwise very different.

Tasks What is binomial naming? What are the binomial names of the four organisms you looked at? Can you think of any problems with this system and specific examples of organisms which pose problems? Key terms: classification, taxonomy, Linnaean, binomial. Outcomes 3: Describe key features of different animal and plant phyla. 5: Explain how features are used to classify organisms into these phyla. 7: Produce a coherent piece of work fully exploring the key features and differences for plant and animal phyla.

List the phyla / classes PlantsInvertebratesVertebrates

PlantsInvertebratesVertebrates Bryophyta Filicinophyta Coniferophyta Angiospermophyta. Porifera Cnidaria Annelida Platyhelmintha Mollusca Arthropoda. Birds Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Fish List the phyla / classes

Task Create a set of posters or leaflet to outline the different external recognition features for plant and animal phyla. You should also include examples of organisms. PLANTS: Bryophyta, Filicinophyta, Coniferophyta, Angiospermophyta. ANIMALS: Invertebrates: Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Platyhelmintha, Mollusca, Arthropoda. Vertebrates: Birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish. Outcomes 3: Describe key features of different animal and plant phyla. 5: Explain how features are used to classify organisms into these phyla. 7: Produce a coherent piece of work fully exploring the key features and differences for plant and animal phyla. Key terms: phyla, features, plant, animal.

A closer look at Plants: There are 4 phyla: 1.Bryophyte – The mosses 2.Filicinophyte – The Ferns 3.Coniferophyte – The Conifers 4.Angiospermophyte – The flowers

Bryophytes – The mosses Usually small and grow in damp places Simple non, vascular (no xylem and phloem.) No proper roots but have rhizoids Reproduce with spores (in a capsule on a stalk). Male gamete swims to female!

Filicinophytes – the ferns Group includes club mosses, horsetails and ferns Has stems roots and leaves. Because of support from woody tissue they can grow up to 5m Reproduces by spores (underside of the leaves). Male gamete swims to female. Some have fibrous roots, while others produce an underground stem called a rhizome.

Coniferophytes – The conifers Includes shrubs, or trees such as pine, fir, cedar which are large and evergreen, some of the tallest trees in the world. Truly vascular. Reproduce with pollen. Make cones with seeds inside. Leaves are needle shaped to conserve water.

Angiospermophytes- Flowering plants Contains flowering plants, which are pollinated by wind or animals. Range from small low-lying plants to large trees. Many are important crops Have proper flowers which produce pollen. All produce seeds which are associated with nuts and fruit. Truly vascular.

Key terms: phyla, features, plant, animal.

The Animal invertebrates in detail Invertebrates are animals without backbones there are 6 phyla: 1.Porifera – sponges. 2.Cnideria - corals. 3.Platyhelminthes – flat worms. 4.Annelida – segmented worms. 5.Mollusca – snails, octopi. 6.Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans Animal kingdom are characterized by being able to move and getting nutrients by eating plans, other animals or both. Animals are divided into two groups- with a backbone (vertebrates) and without (invertebrates).

Porifera – the sponges This group contains sponges. They have different types of cells, but no real organization into tissues No clear symmetry All are aquatic Pump water through numerous pores and filter food. No nerves or muscular tissue.

Cnideria – Corals, hydra, jellyfish These are sea anemones, corals, jellyfish. All most all marine, cells are organized into tissues in two body layers They feed on other animals by stinging them with nematocyst They have a mouth t take in food and use the same opening to get rid of waste.

Platyhelminthes- flatworms These have 3 layer of cell and have a body cavity with a mouth and anus Some are free living while others are parasites. Flattened appearance, most are small but tapeworms may grow to several meters.

Annelida – segmented worms Contains earth worms and leeches, Some are aquatic, others in the soil. All have a simple gut with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Earthworms are important to agriculture because burrowing aerates the soil.

Mollusca – snails, octopi Have a mouth and anus. Most have a calcium carbonate shell. Bilateral symmetry. Hard rasping ‘radula’ is used for feeding.

Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans Largest animal phylum. All have exoskeleton made of chitin, places restrictions on how large they can get because they have to shed it in order to grow. Segmented bodies and jointed limbs. Over a million different types and many more being discovered.

Key terms: phyla, features, plant, animal.

Which phyla does this represent? Outcomes 3: Describe key features of different animal and plant phyla. 5: Explain how features are used to classify organisms into these phyla. 7: Produce a coherent piece of work fully exploring the key features and differences for plant and animal phyla. Key terms: phyla, features, plant, animal.