Grand Overview 1. Over consumption will lead to resource scarcity eventually – we are entering this era now but are in complete denial about it 2. What are the consequences: 1. Challenges traditional supply/demand economic models 2. Requires some component of morality based decision making 3. Requires public policy based on avoiding the worse possible outcome. 3. The time is near (10-20 years) for the end of “cheap” fossil fuels as our energy foundation 4. New solutions do exist – implementation takes leadership and the ability to think big 5. The Public needs to be come a lot more energy and climate literate in order for initiatives to succeed

The World is Also Changing Post WW II New Players = Indonesia, Mexico, Turkey

Victor Lebow Journal of Retailing 1955 Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfactions, our ego satisfactions, in consumption. The measure of social status, of social acceptance, of prestige, is now to be found in our consumptive patterns. The very meaning and significance of our lives today is expressed in consumptive terms. Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfactions, our ego satisfactions, in consumption. The measure of social status, of social acceptance, of prestige, is now to be found in our consumptive patterns. The very meaning and significance of our lives today is expressed in consumptive terms.consumptive termsconsumptive terms

The Consumptive Mandate Waveform: if you got more, consume even more: Maintain BAU sustainability Greed

Accelerated Climate Change CONSUMPTION 

What Are the BAU Options? LNG Importation development LNG Importation development “Clean Coal” “Clean Coal” Fast Breeder Reactors Fast Breeder Reactors NG Fracking (steel problem) NG Fracking (steel problem) Fastest gateway to energy economy Fastest gateway to energy economy Leads to Growth of GDP Leads to Growth of GDP Accelerates Global CO 2 Deposition Accelerates Global CO 2 Deposition Reinforces BAU – mine the planet Reinforces BAU – mine the planet

Breaking out of BAU  Consume less  Drive less  Plan ahead  Invest in Renewable Energy infrastructure  Have long term governmental goals  Requires some component of morality based decision making  Requires leadership  Requires world cooperation Is this just too Damn Hard to Do?

But Solution Space Exists! Solar PV Solar PV Solar CSP; Solar Thermal Electric Solar CSP; Solar Thermal Electric Wind (ON shore and Off Shore) Wind (ON shore and Off Shore) Alternative Fuels (biodiesel, ethanol (grain and cellulosic, hydrogen, hybrids) Alternative Fuels (biodiesel, ethanol (grain and cellulosic, hydrogen, hybrids) Biomass Co-Generation Biomass Co-Generation OTEC; Gulf Current OTEC; Gulf Current

Barriers to Renewables High capital cost; long payback times High capital cost; long payback times Lack of any vision or out of the box thinking on truly large scale projects Lack of any vision or out of the box thinking on truly large scale projects NIMBY reactions to anything and everything makes implementation difficult NIMBY reactions to anything and everything makes implementation difficult Technology uncertainty Technology uncertainty Grid Limitations Grid Limitations Human apathy, ignorance, entitlement Human apathy, ignorance, entitlement

NATURE GOD HUMANS TREES ROCKS Connectivity Of Atoms Disconnected States HUMANS TREES ROCKS Super Nova Everything Is Connected to Everything Certainty Entitlement Aarogance Wisdom Enlightenment Humility

Evaluation Rubric For All forms of Renewables 1. MW output per surface area (MW/KM 2 ) 2. MW output per material use (MW/Ton) 3. MW output per job created (Jobs/MW) 4. MW output versus production time scale to bring on line (months/MW) 5. Capital cost per MW ($/Watt) 6. Realistic Levelized Cost (cents per KWH)

To Evaluate Competing Electricity Generating Technologies Develop an internally consistent indexing system for the 6 attributes listed previously (the dow jones is an index) Use real world data and real world physics to best determine the values Weight the indexes appropriately (real world cares about $/Watt and Jobs Created) Choose Baseline – we will use Solar in the following exercise

Indexing – Solar Troughs 1. Land ~20 MW/km (over 24 hour day) = 1 2. Materials ~3 tons per kw = 1 3. Jobs ~3 jobs per MW 4. Time ~10 MW per month 5. Capital ~3$ per watt real facility cost 6. Levelized 10 cents per KWH

IndexSolarWindWavesBiomass Land Material13.21 Jobs1115 Time13.5 Capital Level Cumulative Index = 1+2+(1.5) (5)+1.25(6) Highest Index is Best

Relative Ranking Solar = 7 Waves =4.75 Biomass =11 (because of jobs created) Wind = 17 (lower material intensity and low Levelized costs) In general, wind is more scalable than Solar and wind always beats Solar PV

Thinking Big -Solar Sonoran Desert Project: Sonoran Desert Project: 300,000 square 2% coverage yields 100,000 MW

Thinking Big - Wind Lake Michigan Wind project down North South Axis: Populate 400 x 30 km box with 30 legs each containing MW turbines: 180,000 MW

Thinking Real Big - Wind Great Prairie Wind Farm with 100 MW vertical Wind Turbines: Construct 10,000 of these (Space Needle Size) and each per 125 square km. This produces 1TW of electricity and effectively replaces all other forms of electricity generation in the US.

Be Optimistic and ProActive Change can occur when consumers are properly informed. Technological solutions exist to make significant impact if deployed now Consume Less Technology is rapidly improving We are probably NOT Terminally Stupid

Correct this  Our view of the world as a resource to use up must change! Profit vs Equity: Surplus  Growth or Equity? Growth or Prosperity?Growth or Prosperity? This is your generations challenge:

WhatWhat Inequity Looks Like What

Living Planet Report 2012 Resource Base Wealthy Nations Increasing real world gap Developing world catching up

The Water Scarcity Problem

The Future of Water

Recommendations Preserve Natural Capital: Protected Biodiversity Produce more efficiently Consume more wisely Redirect financial flows to support sustainability Equitable resource governance: –Equitable resource governance also requires a changed definition of well-being and success that includes personal, societal and environmental health What process is needed for implementation?

You have three choices: Stay Informed amidst misinformation, Give up, or Do Something What will be your Choice?