寬頻無線之 服務與應用趨勢 蔡志宏 國立台灣大學電信工程研究所

Outline 知識經濟與寬頻無線發展 What has happened in broadband access ? Emerging Services in Future Wireless Communications Location Based Services and Applications Future Data Services and applications in or beyond 3G

知識經濟與 3G 無線發展 知識經濟發展方案為行政院之最主要施 政藍圖 知識經濟發展方案主要規劃者 : 經建會 知識經濟發展會議 (11/4-11/5) 決議 – 寬頻網路為發展知識經濟基本條件之一 – 寬頻建設為建構網際網路應用環境之重要一 環

寬頻網路建設目標 建構寬頻、高速及多元化電信網路 T/R xDSL Modem Cable Modem ONU xDSL Fiber Cable TV LMDS Satellite ONU: Optical Network Unit 3G mobile Broadband Backbone Network (Source: DGT )

寬頻網路建設目標 用戶迴路  近期 ( 民國 90 年底 ) ：滿足寬頻上網之頻寬需求 – 寬頻服務或系統 有線：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 1.5Mbps 之服務或系統。 無線 ( 固定 ) ：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 100Kbps 之服務 或系統。 無線 ( 行動 ) ：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 64Kbps 之服務 或系統。 – 高速服務或系統 有線：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 200Kbps 之服務或系統。 無線 ( 固定 ) ：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 64Kbps 之服務或 系統。 無線 ( 行動 ) ：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 32Kbps 之服務或 系統。 (Source: DGT, 知識經濟發展會議資料 )

寬頻網路建設目標  中長期 ( 民國 94 年底 ) ：滿足多媒體通信之頻寬需求 – 寬頻服務或系統 有線：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 6Mbps 之服務或系統。 無線 ( 固定 ) ：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 2Mbps 之服務或系統。 無線 ( 行動 ) ：單向數據傳輸最高速率至少可達 384Kbps 之服務或系統。 (Source: DGT, 知識經濟發展會議資料 )

The current status The penetration rate of different telecom and Internet services in Taiwan: (2001/2) 1.CATV (0.8 per household) 2.Wired line phone: 56.7/100 people 3.Wireless phone: 84.6/100 people 4.Internet: 27/100 people (source: CHT ) ADSL users has exceeded cable modem (end of 2000) 1.ADSL: (source: TFN) 2.Cable Modem: (source: TFN) The number of broadband subscribers will reach 2 million by 2003, exceeding dial up users (predicted by III MIC and TFN)

What has happened in broadband access and applications? In North America: On-line xx, where xx can be library, game, music, sex, stock quote, health consulting, radio, etc. – Required technologies include streaming video and audio. In Korea: On-line game and on-line tutorial / Cram school

What has happened in broadband access ? (Con’t) CHT and MOD: –claims it will launch Media on Demand services over ADSL to residential users, with streaming video distributed by an GSR IP backbone. –Can support live movie channel or pay TV channels –May be provided in bundled services (MOD + ADSL+ Hinet) –The initial target of CHT is 20k trial users. The final target is ? Million.

What has happened in broadband access ? (Con’t) New Fixed Network operators are launching Bundling services and price package. –Example: web TV service + TFN ADSL discount coupon = NT$800 The existing broadband ISP / content providers are trying to be aligned with on- line games

What has happened in broadband access ? (Con’t) Always-on connectivity will be more and more popular. (experiences in UK) Managed services with network management, web hosting, and high reliability are favored by corporate users. (the IDC model) Outsourcing is a business sector. (experiences from US: EDA, IBM)

What is next in Taiwan ? The Voice over IP services ISR(International Simple Re-sale ) and VoIP services will be deregulated at July Special Type-2 operator licenses are required. Draft of regulatory rules are being posted at DGT web site. (For soliciting public opinion) Expected to attract more than 100 new ISR in Taiwan. (3 digits of access codes reserved: 18xyz) VoIP operators will be able to lease circuits (domestic and international) directly from land-based or submarine cable operators. Lower cost for bandwidth is expected.

What is next in Taiwan ? The Voice over IP services A price war is expected. The whole sale price will soon drop to the international level. ( ? cents/min. ) In the short term, will be a major business for IDC, and ISP’s ISP, or submarine cable operators. In the long term, those with sales channels, QoS assurance, and additional value-added services will success. VoIP may soon become a standard option on ADSL or cable modem.

Prediction on future advanced mobile applications 6 advanced wireless services predicted by UMTS Forum market survey: –Multimedia service –Mobile commerce –VoIP –Unified messaging –Interactive broadcast –Location based services and applications

Types of Services in Future Wireless Systems Voice Services IP and Data services Location Services and Location Dependent Information Services Voice over IP services

Terrestrial IMT-2000 Harmonization IMT-DS WCDMA (UTRA FDD) Direct Spread Flexible connection between radio modules and core networks based on operator needs Evolved GSM (MAP) Evolved ANSI-41 IP-based Networks Network-to-Network Interfaces IMT-FT DECT Frequency Time IMT-MC cdma2000 Multi Carrier IMT-TC UTRA TDD TDS-CDMA Time-Code IMT-SC UWC-136 Single Carrier Core Networks Inter-Network Roaming

Key Features of IMT-2000 Global wireless communication system –Seamless worldwide roaming capability(assumed under WCDMA) Advanced multimedia services and QoS control capability –Support multiple services: voice, high speed packet and circuit data with QoS Wider range of operating environment –Vehicular ： 144kbps –Pedestrian ： 384kbps –Indoor office ： 2Mbps –Asymmetric, bandwidth on demand Modular Structure –Support existing as well as a wide range of future 3G upper layer signaling protocols.

Emerging Service in Future Mobile Systems Information Services: –Short Message Service –Circuit Mode Data Service: charged by time –Packet Mode Data Service: charged by packets, or transactions. Example: –WAP is Circuit mode Data Services –WAP over GPRS is packet mode data services –WAP over 3G can be packet mode data services or circuit mode data service

Emerging Service in Future Mobile Systems Location Dependent Information Services –Allow user to download (or semi-automatically down load) information, according to the location of the mobile user. –Allow the operator to analyze the user behavior before providing additional information –Additional Location Measurement Unit, Location Computation Server or Behavior Data Mining Server required –Available in 2G- 3G era.

IP and Data Service in 3G No vendor can develop the required core network from scratch. The IP transport nodes in 3G’s core network will be based on today’s IP technology, especially the IP core of GPRS Although the IP transport technology in 3G core network is very similar to data network, the charging/billing solution and QoS control is very different. The core network may implement IETF QoS standard (DiffServ. etc), in addition to IMT-2000.

IP and Data Services in 3G Open access of service platform(HLR, AAA severs), in the form of API (OSA), in 3G network is essential to for content provider/ISP to develop a complete service scenario. Scenarios in GPRS can be used as examples. However, 3G’s IP core are either router or IP switching platform, plus mobile IP functions, which allow possibility for integration.

Key Features of future IP services Must Support Mobile IP Must Support Dynamic IP address Must Support IP VPN Must Support Voice over IP With IP security requirement: firewall between ISP and 3G core network IPv6 is essential and mandated in the long term –Auto-configuration –Permanent Address for every mobile station, Information appliance.

About WAP The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): –designed to improve the performance of TCP/IP under wireless environment –can operate over circuit mode, or packet mode, –can operate over GSM circuit mode, GPRS, or 3G. –Different modes of WAP have compatibility problem; so are their handset. Although WAP may still operate over 3G, the service is unlikely be call WAP directly.

What is 3G applications ? Applications developed over standard 3G wireless services and systems? or Applications developed over 3G based systems and terminals. We do not know what will be the killer applications…..Be flexible and agile, keep resource ready to build what ever is hot. - John Zehlis, Chairman &CEO AT&T Wireless

Experiences in I-mode , Information Services and Leisure Services are equally important. The content provider can develop the same content with a single format and provide it to both wire and wireless users. The payment agreement between operator and content providers. (9% charged by NTT DoCoMo) –(source: NTT DoCoMo)

Potential Killer Applications in Future Wireless Always-on Applications : monitoring and security Mobile e-Commerce (on-line shopping, e-coupon, yellow page, etc.) media applications ( news broadcasting, entertainment video, video phone, tele- conferencing.) Intelligent Transport System (location services, fleet management, Emergence services) Machine-to-machine communications: security system, vending machine, energy reservation, etc.

Location Based Applications and Services Two major modes of Location Based Services(LBS): Handset based vs. Base-station based The handset(mobile station) approach: require GPS function for each handset. The location is reported back to network. –The limitation is the unavailability of GPS signal when user is in indoor. –Not every handset is equipped with GPS. –FCC E911 requires 125meter by 10/1/2000. But GPS approach can reach 50 meter or better.

Location Based Applications and Services The base station approach: require BS to be synchronized (via GPS) and then the difference of Time-of-Arrival from different base station is used for location positioning. Local Measure Unit (LMU) may be required at BS. OTD(Observed Time Differences) approach is similar but less Location Measurement Units The multi-path problem or optional repeater/leakage can lead to serious error. There are many solutions to support 2G,2.5G or 3G. The accuracy of Location Based Services is expecting to improve.

Application Scenario of Location Services 119/110 Emergence Call Scenario: –A user dials 119/110 for help and he/her location is directly reported to the closest 119 station. Smart Car Emergency Broadcast Scenario: –The smart car automatically report an accident when the air bag explodes. –The location is automatically broadcast to 119, the insurance company, the nearby hospital, etc.

Application Scenario of Location Services Health care applications: – The handset is equipped/connected with health care or monitoring devices and GPS. –In an emergence situation, the measurement data and location information are both reported to the medical team. Kid Watching applications: –The handset is with GPS and is owned by parent. The location is reported if the father or mother requests.

Handset/Communicator based applications Future wireless terminal can located within many intelligent information devices: –Notebook, PDA –Digital Camera, –Office Appliance: Copy machine, Vending machine, –Home Information Appliance –Health care devices –Security Alarm System, Energy metering and control –Set Top Box The display of wireless terminals can be with various forms.

Challenges from 4G or Beyond 3G 4G is expected to solve unsolved problem in 3G: –Speed, air interfaces, etc. 4G is expected to be with much large bandwidth –NTT Docomo is targeting at 10Mbps-20Mbps for B-WLL in 4G. 4G is expected to introduce new technologies such as: –Software radio (for all kinds of air interfaces) –All IP and Optical network (in core network) –Broadcasting and Mobile Convergence

The Cycle of 2G, 3G and 4G years Subscribers(%) 3G Services 4G Services 2G services 3.5G service 2.5G service

Layered structure of a seamless future network of complementary access systems for the fixed/wireless/mobile user terminal （ Source ： Book of Visions 2000 ）

4G Application and Service Integration

Convergence of Broadcasting and Communications Standards for DVT soon will be determined by DGT and MOTC. Although North American standard ATSC is under trial, European standard DVB-T is becoming more popular among TV broadcast stations. –Better support for mobility –Better Spectrum Utilization Either support interactive mode and conditional access

Conditional Access and Return Path in Digital TV The return channel of Interactive TV can be – telephone modem – uplink in HFC – GSM or other mobile service – satellite uplink channel – other broadband access When conditional access (CA) is required, the set top box will need additional CA module. In Taiwan, multiple CA solutions may exist, unless enforced by government.

Conclusions Fixed/mobile/Internet/Media sectors will continue to merge. The collaboration between operators, handset/IA/ PC vendors, and application/content provider is a must.