Return to Our Essential Question…… How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargos) hinder voluntary trade from occurring between countries?

Human-Made Trade Barriers Tariff – a Tax on Imported Goods (makes them more expensive & makes it less likely consumers will buy) Quota- A Limit on the amount of goods that can be imported from another country. Embargo- A total Ban on trade with a country – Usually motivated by politics to hurt another country economically.

Return to Our Essential Question…… How does the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) impact Canada’s economy and trade?

N.A.F.T.A. (North American Free Trade Agreement) Reduction of Trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, & USA (Tariffs, Quotas, etc.) Intended to increase trade of goods between the countries Feelings about the success of NAFTA are mixed

R49 Canadian Government

terms of voting and personal freedoms. Today’s Standard(s) SS6CG3 The student will explain the structure of the national government of Canada. a. Describe the structure of the Canadian government as a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary democracy, and a federation, distinguishing the role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms.

Intro to Our Essential Question…… What type of government systems exists in Canada? Who is the leader of Canada and what is his or her title? What is the role of the legislature? What role does the citizen have as a participant in Canada’s government?

Canadian Provinces & Territories Today, Canada is made up of 10 provinces & 3 Territories.

Canadian Provinces Provinces: British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Nova Scotia

Canadian Territories Territories: Yukon Territory Northwest Territories Nunavut

Government The government of Canada is similar in structure to the U.S. division of power. Canada Has: A Central Government Provincial Governments & Territorial Governments

Central Government The central government of Canada is similar to our own federal government. It’s responsibilities include: national defense, trade & banking, immigration, criminal law, & postal service.

Provincial Government The provincial governments of Canada are similar to state governments in the U.S. The provincial governments’ responsibilities include: administer education, property rights, local government, hospitals, & provincial taxes.

Territorial Government Territorial governments have less responsibilities, but still enjoy limited self-government

Organization of Government Canada is a constitutional monarchy. The Canadian government consists of the executive, legislative & judicial branches.

Constitutional Monarchy A government ruled by a king or queen whose power is determined by the nation’s constitution & laws. It is a form of limited government.

Head of State The British monarch is Canada’s Head of State. The Queen will select a Governor-General to represent her. *The Queen & her Governor-General really have little power. They have a more symbolic role.

Legislature Canada’s legislature is called “Parliament”. It has two bodies, just like our legislative branch. The House of Commons & The Senate Together, they determine Canadian laws & policies.

Citizens elect members to the House of Commons. Legislature Citizens elect members to the House of Commons. The leader of the political party with the most members in the House of Commons becomes the head of the government. He/She becomes “Prime Minister”

Our Senators our elected through democratic elections. Prime Minister Senators for all 10 provinces & 3 territories are selected by the Prime Minister. Our Senators our elected through democratic elections.

Judiciary Canada has both federal & provincial courts. The highest court is the federal Supreme Court. It is made up of 9 justices (just like ours).

This is similar to our Bill of Rights. Equality & Justice In order to protect the civil rights of all Canadian citizens, a Charter of Rights & Freedoms was added to the Canadian constitution in 1982. This is similar to our Bill of Rights.

Charter of Rights & Freedoms 1. Guarantees freedom of speech & religion 2. Protects every citizens right to vote 3. Right to have a lawyer, if arrested 4. Canadians are free to work & live anywhere in Canada 5. Equal rights, regardless of race, religion, gender, age, or national origin

He was Prime Minister from 1968-1979 & 1980-1984. Pierre Trudeau He was Prime Minister from 1968-1979 & 1980-1984. Though he was of French-Canadian background, he successfully repressed, or stopped Quebec’s move for independence. It was he who pushed for the addition of the Charter of Rights & Freedoms.

Many Cultures, Many Needs Canada has many people from many different cultures. People tend to hold their traditional customs & language close to their hearts. Sometimes……this can cause problems.

It was rejected both times. Separatists Some French-Speaking Canadians are separatists, or people who want the province of Quebec to become an independent country. In 1980 & 1995 the parliament voted on whether or not Quebec should get independent status. It was rejected both times.

Quebec is a major contributor to Canada’s economy. Quebec’s Importance Quebec is a major contributor to Canada’s economy. Quebec is home to many important industries such as: aerospace production, information technology, & high-tech industry. French culture is important part of Canadian history & it’s modern-day identity.

Return to Our Essential Question…… What type of government systems exists in Canada? Who is the leader of Canada and what is his or her title? What is the role of the legislature? What role does the citizen have as a participant in Canada’s government?