Circulatory System

BLOODBLOOD

OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONS TRANSPORT A.OF RESPIRATORY GASES O 2 & CO 2 B.NUTRIENTS C.METABOLIC WASTES D.HORMONES E. HEAT

REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE

PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD 2 MAJOR COMPONENTS FORMED ELEMENTS: BLOOD CELLS PLASMA: COMPLEX AQUEOUS SOLUTION

FORMED ELEMENTS 3 MAJOR TYPES ERYTHROCYTES: RBC’s (red blood cells) LEUKOCYTES: WBC’s (white blood cells) THROMBOCYTES: PLATELETS

ERYTHROCYTES MAIN FUNCTION: TRANSPORT OF O 2

TOP VIEW

RBC NORMAL BLOOD

RBC PRODUCTION RBC’s LIVE 120 DAYS OR 700 MILES ARE PRODUCED IN RED BONE MARROW OLD CELLS ARE REMOVED BY SPLEEN OR LIVER

WHAT HAPPENS IF TOO MANY RED BLOOD CELLS ARE BROKEN DOWN FOR THE SPLEEN AND LIVER TO HANDLE? JAUNDICE RESULTS

JAUNDICE A DISEASE CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY YELLOW SKIN & SCLERA OF THE EYES. IT IS DUE TO THE ACCUMULATION OF BILIRUBIN (COMES FROM RBC’S) IN THE TISSUES. IT IS THE CALLED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA.

yellow sclera of the eye

ERYTHROCYTE PROBLEMS ANEMIA A.HEMORRHAGIC DUE TO BLOOD LOSS B. HEMOLYTIC ABNORMAL DESTRUCTION OF RBC’s C. APLASTIC INHIBITION OF RED MARROW D. IRON-DEFICIENCY INADEQUATE DIETARY IRON E. PROTEIN DEFICIENCY INADEQUATE DIETARY PROTEIN F. PERNICIOUS VITAMIN B DEFICIENCY G. SICKLE-CELL HEREDITARY

POLYCYTHEMIA TOO MANY RBC’s

NORMAL BLOOD RBC

POLYCYTHEMIA

HOW DO YOU KNOW IF YOU HAVE THE RIGHT NUMBER OF RED BLOOD CELLS ?

DO A HEMATOCRIT

WHAT IS A HEMATOCRIT? THE PROPORTION OF YOUR BLOOD THAT IS MADE UP OF RED BLOOD CELLS. IT IS EXPRESSED AS A %. A VALUE OF 25% MEANS THAT 25% OF YOUR BLOOD IS RBC’s.

NORMAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD 54% OF BLOOD IS PLASMA 45% OF BLOOD IS RBC’s 1% OF BLOOD IS WBC’s & PLATELETS

HOW IS IT DONE? BLOOD IS COLLECTED IN A CENTRIFUGE TUBE (see next slide) THEN IT IS SPUN IN A CENTRIFUGE (slide 29). THE HEAVIER FORMED ELEMENTS MOVE TO THE OUTSIDE END OF THE TUBE.

centrifu ge

HEMATOCRIT PLASMA FORMED ELEMENTS 45% 100%

NORMAL HEMATOCRIT VALUES AVERAGE: 45% FEMALES: 36-40% MALES: 40-50%

LEUKOCYTES (WBC’s) LARGER & MORE COMPLEX THAN RBC’s ARE FEWER IN NUMBER THAN RBC’s. MOST IMPORTANT FUNCTION IS IMMUNITY Types of WBC (leave 5 lines) NEUTROPHILS (a type of WBC)

NEUTROPHILS (A WBC) RBC

PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES) CELL FRAGMENTS LIFESPAN OF 5-9 DAY IMPORTANT IN THE PROCESS OF BLOOD CLOTTING

PLATELETS