THE GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR CLEAN COOKSTOVES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTH AFRICA M. Matinga, J. Robinson, H. Annegarn SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg DUE th to 13 th April

Why with near universal electrification? Dependence on biomass and coal persists in South Africa, as does unsafe paraffin use Deaths from paraffin – known (e.g. PASASA) Deaths and health burden from IAP – not well known in South Africa IAP extra burden on those with TB

Whats happened so far? Inconsistent and low profile efforts– never national scale efforts Even PASASA is not well resourced to afford provincial and municipal activities Some interest at local government but often not resourced Most affected: Women and children but also poor men Clean energy initiative therefore a social equity issue

What is the Alliance? Formally announced in September 2010 Patron: Hilary Clinton Coordinated by: United Nations Foundation Aim: to reduce deaths from IAP by ensuring 100 million stoves by 2020 Members: Country govts, bilateral and multilateral aid agencies

Contribution to households Poverty alleviation, through production and sales Through efficient use of available resources Providing affordable fuels and Reducing expenditure of fuels Reduced time and metabolic energy expenditure for productive uses or well-being

Contribution to national development goals Making service delivery more meaningful Meeting constitutional commitments of clean and unpolluted environment A step towards social equity – along with other initiatives

What can the Alliance do? - Standards The Alliance will advise and aid standards development Support the expansion of stove testing facilities and capabilities SABS and NRCS stove standards work put SA at an advantage to lead Stove testing capacity at UJ’s SeTAR Centre, CPUT Energy Institute, CSIR and SABS

What can the Alliance do? Other issues Assist in gathering credible evidence on health impacts and health benefits Assist in leveraging finance and carbon finance Assess best context-relevant ways of reaching consumers Look at best possible manufacturing options Ensure a gendered approach to all activities DUE 2011

Weaknesses and risks Capacity not fully exploited due to a lack of financing and limited human capacity Local standards may be sidelined for ‘imported’ ones that may not be in line with local user’s socio-cultural preferences or economic realities Reinventing the wheel, and thus not optimizing the limited resources available in the sector.

Weaknesses and risks Current key challenge is quality control - Appearance and performance Poor logistics and networks But will factory production undermine job creation potential?

Possibilities RSA has capacity to manufacture high quality stoves Value chain analysis could provide other mixes with high quality job creation e.g. central manufacture, local assembly Existing, “successful” programs from which RSA and other SADC countries can learn DUE 2011

Household energy and carbon finance The household energy sector could benefit more from carbon financing Black carbon (soot): Household should be part of mitigation actions 4 million households in RSA : 1 million households by 2016? About 20 million households in SADC : 5 million households by 2016?

Lessons from Peru Electrification speed and coverage comparable to RSA Peru without smoke campaign Strong private-public partnerships Certified stoves (and stove makers) for quality purposes Not a side issue, involves several ministries Supported with specific budget at local level

Lessons from Peru Integrated with other health programs: health, sanitation, nutrition Test facilities for certification Simulated, typical kitchens Political champion – Peruvian first lady Pilar Nores Smart subsidies targeting technical development and market creation – intensive advertising

Questions? How can we do this?