Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) Jason C. H. Chen ( 陳周宏 ), Ph.D. Visiting Professor National Taipei University of Technology Professor of MIS Graduate School of Business Administration Gonzaga University Spokane, WA USA

2 What Are Systems Development Activities? 1.Systems definition/investigation Management’s statement of objective and goals for new system 2.Requirements analysis Identify features and functions 3.Component design (hardware, software, network) Based on approved user requirements 4.Implementation Purchase, build, test, and convert to new system 5.System maintenance (fix or enhance) Repair, add new features, maintain Analysis

What Are Systems Development Activities? BPM Provides Requirements for Systems Development 3 [1] [2] [4] [3a] [3b] [5] (Feasibility Study) What is it and Why it is important?

4 Assess Feasibility Dimensions of feasibility _______________ feasibility  Approximated, “back-of-the-envelope” analysis  Purpose: eliminate infeasible ideas early  Consider cost of previous projects, operational and labor costs __________ feasibility  Ball park estimate __________ feasibility  Is it technically likely to meet needs? _____________ feasibility  Fit with customs, culture, charter, legal requirements of organization  ___________________ feasibility  Is the proposed system legally? Cost/Economic Schedule Technical Organizational Legal and Contractual

Systems Definition/Investigation (Feasibility Study) Operational Feasibility Schedule Feasibility Economic Feasibility Technical Feasibility Can we afford it?Will it be accepted? Does the IT capability exist? Will it be completed by the deadline? Legal and Contractual Feasibility Is the proposed system legally? Organizational Feasibility (Is it a good fit – objective of the organization 5 What are new from the last slide?

6 Form a Project Team Typical three personnel on a development team are:  Manager (or mangers for larger projects)  Specialist: System analysts Programmers Software testers or, other functional specialist such as accounting, finance, and marketing  Users: Users must be involved in most of SDLC phases Depending on nature of project, team may also include hardware and communications specialists, database designers and administrators, and other IT specialists.

Systems Development What happen (and Why) to a project in the Department of Interior of Taiwan?

Phase Four: Implementation 8 Fig 10-18: SDLC: Implementation Phase Focuses on implementing the system and includes the tasks of  building each of the five system components  testing the system and  converting users to the new system.

9 System Conversion Approaches 1. Pilot Implement entire system in limited portion of business MRV uses system for selected customers. Advantage: limits exposure to business if system fails 2. Phased System is installed in phases or modules. Each piece is installed and tested. 3. Parallel Complete new and old systems run simultaneously Very safe, but expensive 4. Plunge (or direct) High risk if new system fails, no old system to fall back on Only used if new system is not vital to company operation

Installation Conversion Methods: 4 Ps Old System New System Old System New System Old System New System Old System New System Parallel Pilot Phased Plunge/ Direct Cut-over time 10

Causes of Information Systems Failures 35+ years of research on causes of information systems failures 1.Lack of user __________ 2.Unclear, incomplete, and inconsistent ___________ 3.Changing requirements and specifications Many businesses __________ research findings involvement. requirements. ignore

Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)