Week #8 Quarter 2 (12/2-12/6) (calendar site) (calendar site) (calendar site) Friday, 12/6 Activities/Assignments: 1.Scale yourself on #5, Stamp Land Ecosystem Notes 3.Discuss Land and Aquatic Ecosystem Notes 4.Oceanography Notes Today in APES… APES Learning Goal:  I can apply the study of oceanography Homework: Aquatic Notes due Monday Chapters 1-3; 5-6; Study Guide due Monday Chapters 1-7; Study Guide due Tuesday Eco-Column Reports due December 13 th

Oceanography Ocean Floor and Ocean Water

I. Water Cycle – the natural circulation of water into and out of the atmosphere.

A. The Water Cycle 5 phases: 5 phases: –1) evaporation – liquid to gas The sun energy evaporates ocean water and become part of atmosphere The sun energy evaporates ocean water and become part of atmosphere –2) condensation – gas to liquid Some of H20 molecules in air condense to form clouds. Some of H20 molecules in air condense to form clouds. –3) transpiration – evaporation of H20 through leaves leaves Occurs when plants breathe during photosynthesis Occurs when plants breathe during photosynthesis –4) precipitation – H20 falls from clouds as rain, snow, or sleet –5) ground water – water that is absorbed by Earth’s surface and travels underground back to ocean

1.Water Cycle – the natural circulation of water into and out of the atmosphere.

How much water is transpired into our atmosphere each year by a tree of average size? How much water is transpired into our atmosphere each year by a tree of average size?  300 gallons of water per year  30,000 gallons of water per year  300,000 gallons of water per year  3,000,000 gallons of water per year

30,000 gallons of water per year 30,000 gallons of water per year Through the process called transpiration, a tree of average size may release through its leaves about 30,000 gallons of water per year. This water is released into our atmosphere. An acre of corn may transpire about 300,000 gallons of water in a growing season.

A. Oceans % of earths surface covered with water % of the water is in oceans 3. In fact there is water around all the land

4. Four FIVE major oceans a.Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Southern

Oceans a. Pacific is larger than the Atlantic and Indian combined b. Atlantic is second largest c. Pacific is deepest ocean d. Indian is second deepest e. Oceans have salt water

II. Mapping the Ocean Floor 1. The deep ocean is difficult to measure 2. High pressure crushes ships 3. Earliest method is sounding a.Dropping lines until they hit the bottom b.Inaccurate and slow

4. Modern Techniques a. Instruments like underwater cameras b. Underwater robots c. Bathyometry – measuring water depth d. Indirect methods like sonar 1)Send down sound waves 2)They hit bottom and bounce up 3)Detect signal 4)Use speed of sound to calculate distance

Human Exploration of Oceans

A. The Ocean Floor 1. Topography- the description of the shape ocean floor and its features 2. Ocean floor is different from the continents. 1. It has higher mountains a.Deeper canyons b.Larger, flatter plains c.Different type of rocks d.More volcanoes

B. Continents Edge 1. Called the continental margin 2. Three parts a.Continental shelf b.Continental slope c.Continental rise

C. Continental Shelf 1. More like land than ocean floor 2. Slopes gently from the shoreline 3. Sediments from land are deposited 4. Varies in width 5. Atlantic 200 km 6. Siberia 1200 km

D. Continental Slope 1. Floor goes down rapidly- steep slope 2. Boundary between continent crust and ocean crust

E. Continental Rise 1. Slopes more gently 2. Made of sediments that come off the shelf 3. Turbidity flows carry sediments down. 4. Like underwater avalanches of sediment and water

F. Submarine Canyons 1. V shaped valleys cut through shelf and slope 2. Caused by turbidity flows 3. Bring deep water close to shore 4. Monterrey Bay 5. Good fishing

G. The Ocean Floor Large flat areas are called abyssal plains Large flat areas are called abyssal plains Biggest in Atlantic and Indian oceans Biggest in Atlantic and Indian oceans

H. Mountains 1. Underwater mountains are called seamounts 1.They are usually volcanoes 2. Some rise above to form islands 3. Like Hawaiian islands