1. Day 1

2. Warm Up 1. Why do you think we study oceans? 2. Complete this chart: What I know about oceans: What I want to know about oceans: 1. 2. 3.

3. Objectives Today I will be able to: Identify the main oceans of the world. Compare the methods used to map the oceans. Name ENERGY resources found on the ocean floor. Describe how the energy resources formed in the ocean. Defend the use or protection of resources found in the ocean.

4. Key Points Approximately 70 % of Earth’s surface is covered by water. The largest of Earth’s oceans is the Pacific. The four major oceans are the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Indian. Solar technology is used by scientists to measure ocean depth. Submersibles can collect data about areas of the ocean that were previously unreachable by humans and stay underwater for a long time. Energy resources obtained from the ocean include: oil, natural gas, and gas hydrates. Heat from Earth’s interior and pressure from overlying rock transform the remains of marine sediments into oil and natural gas. 30% of earth’s oil resources come from offshore drilling. Non energy resources that come from the ocean include sand, gravel and salt.

5. Our Oceans As we know, oceanography is the study of oceans. Over 70% of earth is covered by water, and most of that water is in the oceans.

6. Our Oceans There are four major oceans: Pacific ocean: the largest and deepest Atlantic ocean: about half the size of the Pacific Arctic ocean: surrounds the far northern part of earth Indian ocean

7. Our Oceans Can you identify the four major oceans?

8. Mapping the Ocean Floor Scientists use technology to map the ocean floor: 1. Sonar 2. Satellites 3. Submersibles

9. Mapping the Ocean Floor 1. Sonar technology is used by scientists to measure ocean depth. Also known as echo sounding, sonar works by transmitting sound waves towards the ocean floor. How submarines use sonar

10. Mapping the Ocean Floor 2. Satellites Satellites orbit the planet and are able to measure surface height by bouncing microwaves off the ocean surface. Ocean surface changes elevation based on the features on the sea floor. Tracking climate change using satellites Tracking climate change using satellites

11. Mapping Ocean Floor 3. Submersibles Submersibles are small underwater crafts used for deep- sea research. Collect data about areas of the ocean that were previously unreachable by humans. Remain underwater for long periods of time. We will watch a video next week that was shot using submersibles.

12. Check In – Oceans Day 1 Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How much of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans? 2. Name the four main oceans. Which one is the largest? Which one is the deepest? 3. How has technology increased our understanding of the ocean?

13. Use your notes and book (p.398 - 400) to complete the following table: Technology: SonarSatellitesSubmersibles How does it work? What does it measure? Benefits Draw a picture of the technology

14. Ocean Resources One of the reasons humans study oceans is because oceans are full of RESOURCES. A resource is anything that can be used or sold. There are two types of resources in the oceans: Energy Resources (fuel) Non-Energy Resources

15. Energy Resources Oil and Natural Gas The main energy resource taken from the oceans Over millions of years heat and pressure transformed the remains of marine sediments into oil and natural gas. Right now 30% of earth’s oil resources come from a process known as offshore drilling. Video on Offshore Drilling

16. Energy Resources Oil and Natural Gas  While offshore drilling seems like a simple solution to earth’s diminishing oil supply, it is controversial for several reasons. 1. It is expensive 2. It is dangerous 3. It causes pollution 4. Eventually we will still run out of oil Video about the debate to drill offshore – 2008 On Tuesday night there was accident off the coast of Louisiana, watch the CNN report from this morning.CNN report from this morning.

17. Energy Resources Gas Hydrates Gas hydrates are compact chemical structures made of water and natural gas. Gas Hydrate video

18. Non-Energy Resources Other major resources from the ocean floor include: Sand Gravel Evaporative salts: used as table salt, dying fabric and de- icing roads

19. Non-Energy Resources Sand and Gravel Used to for landfill and to make concrete. The mining of sand and gravel can result in large amounts of sediments being suspended in water. How might this affect marine organisms living in the area? ____________________________

20. Check-In Questions – Oceans Day 1 Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 5. Name 3 energy resources obtained from the ocean. 6. How much of the world’s oil production currently comes from offshore regions? 7. Name 3 non-energy resources obtained from the ocean.

21. Ocean Resources Activity Our oceans are homes to a variety of sea life, but they contain valuable resources. On earth day, let’s take a look at the pros and cons of using the oceans for its resources. 1. Read the excerpt on the back of your handout carefully. 2. Make a list of 5-10 pros – why we SHOULD extract resources from the ocean. 3. Make a list of 5-10 cons– why we SHOULD NOT extract resources from the ocean. 4. Write a persuasive paragraph (5-8 sentences) explaining why you are FOR extracting the ocean’s resources or AGAINST it. Try to convince the reader that they should share your opinion.

22. Ocean Resources PROSCONS 5.Write a persuasive paragraph (5-8 sentences) explaining why you are FOR extracting the ocean’s resources or AGAINST it. Try to convince the reader that they should share your opinion.

23. Ocean Resources Activity Read your paragraph to a partner. Compare opinions and talk for 2 minutes about why you feel the way that you do. I will select several of you to share thoughts and opinions with the class. Be prepared!

24. Brownie Ticket 1. What percentage of the earth is covered in LAND? 2. What technology do scientists use to measure ocean depth? a. submersible b. satellites c. sonar d. laser 3. Which of the following can submersibles do? a) collect data about areas of the ocean that were previously unreachable by humans b) remain underwater for long periods of time c) both a and b d) map the ocean surface from space 4. How much of the world’s oil production currently comes from offshore regions?

25. Warm Up 11/15 1. How much of Earth’s surface is covered in land? 2. What can submersibles do? 3. Name at least 5 ocean resources

26. Monday November 15, 2010

27. Objectives I will be able to illustrate and define the ocean floors regions and features. I will be able to relate the theory of plate tectonics to the features on the ocean floor.

28. Key Points The three major regions of the ocean floor are the continental margins, the ocean basin floor and the mid-ocean ridges. The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is called the continental shelf. At the continental margin in the Pacific Ocean there are earthquakes, volcanoes and plate activity. Seamounts are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor. Mid-ocean ridges are associated with mountainous topography. The abyssal plains are thought to be the most level places on earth. The deepest part of the ocean are ocean trenches. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent plates.

29. Mapping the Ocean Floor Scientists use submersibles, satellites, and sonar to map the ocean floor The three main regions of the ocean floor are 1. The continental margin 2. The ocean basin floor 3. The mid-ocean ridges THINK: Where have we heard about mid-ocean ridges before?

30. Ocean Regions Where are the continental margins, mid-ocean ridge, and ocean basin floor?

31. Ocean Regions Continental Margins The zone of transition between the continent and the ocean basin floor In the Atlantic the continental margin is quiet and has little volcanic or earthquake activity In the Pacific oceanic crust is pushed under continental crust What is this called? A subduction zone that causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and other plate interactions

32. Ocean Regions Continental Margins are divided into the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise 1. The Continental shelf is the gently sloping submerged surface that goes from the shoreline toward the deep ocean - contains important resources such as… (what were the resources we discussed on Friday?)

33. Ocean Regions 2. The Continental Slope is a steep gradient that leads to the deep-ocean floor - Contains submarine canyons carved out by turbidity currents 3. The Continental Rise is the gently sloping surface at the base of the continental slope.

34. Identify the different features of the continental margin

35. Ocean Regions The ocean basin floor is the area of the deep ocean floor between continental margins and mid-ocean ridges There are a lot cool features of the ocean basin floor Deep ocean trenches Abyssal plains Seamounts

36. Ocean Regions Deep-ocean trenches form at plate boundaries… which type of boundary do you think? Trenches are the deepest part of the ocean. EXPLORE THE MARIANA TRENCH Abyssal Plains are very level area of the deep-ocean floor They are the MOST LEVEL places on earth Seamounts are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor

37. Ocean Regions Mid-Ocean Ridges are found near the center of most ocean basins where plate boundaries meet Mid-ocean ridges are associated with mountainous topography, seafloor spreading, and hydrothermal vents

38. Check In Questions 1. What are the three major regions of the ocean floor? 2. Describe mid-ocean ridges. Where are they, what type of plate boundary are they associated with, what features would you see at mid-ocean ridges? 3. How is the continental margin of the Pacific different from the continental margin of the Atlantic? 4. What are the deepest parts of the ocean? 5. What are the most level places on Earth?

39. Ocean Regions Draw a diagram of the ocean floor and define the terms. Include all three regions of the ocean and the features listed here: Continental marginDeep-ocean trenches Continental shelfAbyssal plain Submarine canyonSeamounts Turbidity currentsMid-ocean ridges Continental riseSeafloor spreading Ocean basin floorHydrothermal vents

40. Ocean Regions – HANDOUTS Many features of the ocean are related to plate tectonics. On the back of your ocean regions diagram, create a handout that explains: How seafloor spreading is related to plate tectonics How mid-ocean ridges are related to plate tectonics How seamounts are related to plate tectonics. Be creative and informative! Be sure to use complete sentences and drawings.

41. Brownie Ticket 1. Which of the following occurs at the continental margin of the Pacific Ocean? a) Volcanic activity b) Earthquakes c) Plate interactions d) All of the above 2. The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is called ___. a) Continental shelf b) Continental slope c) Continental rise d) Submarine canyon 3. Volcanoes that form on the ocean floor are ____.