1 Unit 11 Chapter 20 Acids and Bases Acids and Bases

2 Arrhenius Acids and Bases Acids produce H + in aqueous solutions water HCl H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Bases produce OH - in aqueous solutions water NaOH Na + (aq) + OH - (aq)

3 Acids þ Produce H + (as H 3 O + ) ions in water þ Produce a negative ion (-) too þ Taste sour þ Corrode metals þ React with bases to form salts and water

4 Bases Produce OH - ions in water Taste bitter, chalky Are electrolytes Feel soapy, slippery React with acids to form salts and water

5 Learning Check AB1 Describe the solution in each of the following as: 1) acid 2) base or 3)neutral. A. ___soda B. ___soap C. ___coffee D. ___ wine E. ___ water F. ___ grapefruit

6 Solution AB1 Describe each solution as: 1) acid 2) base or 3) neutral. A. _1_ soda B. _2_ soap C. _1_ coffee D. _1_ wine E. _3_ water F. _1_ grapefruit

7 Learning Check AB2 Identify each as characteristic of an A) acid or B) base ____ 1. Sour taste ____ 2. Produces OH - in aqueous solutions ____ 3. Chalky taste ____ 4. Is an electrolyte ____ 5. Produces H + in aqueous solutions

8 Solution AB2 Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base _A_ 1. Sour taste _B_ 2. Produces OH - in aqueous solutions _B_ 3. Chalky taste A, B 4. Is an electrolyte _A_ 5. Produces H + in aqueous solutions

9 Some Common Acids HCl hydrochloric acid HNO 3 nitric acid H 3 PO 4 phosphoric acid H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid CH 3 COOH acetic acid

10 Learning Check AB3 Give the names of the following A. HBr (aq)1. bromic acid 2. bromous acid 3. hydrobromic acid B. H 2 CO 3 1. carbonic acid 2. hydrocarbonic acid 3. carbonous acid

11 Solution AB3 A. HBr3. hydrobromic acid The name of a nonoxy acid begins with the prefix hydro- and ends with -ic acid. In a nonoxy acid, the negative anion end in -ide. B. H 2 CO 3 1. carbonic acid The name of an oxyacid is named with the stem of the anion (carbonate) changed to -ic acid

12 Some Common Bases NaOHsodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 ________________________ Mg(OH) 2 ________________________ Al(OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide

13 Learning Check AB4 Match the formulas with the names: A. ___ HNO 2 1) hydrochloric acid B. ___Ca(OH) 2 2) sulfuric acid C. ___H 2 SO 4 3) sodium hydroxide D. ___HCl4) nitrous acid E. ___NaOH5) calcium hydroxide

14 Solution AB4 Match the formulas with the names: A. _4__ HNO 2 1) hydrochloric acid B. _5__Ca(OH) 2 2) sulfuric acid C. _2__H 2 SO 4 3) sodium hydroxide D. _1__HCl4) nitrous acid E. _3__NaOH5) calcium hydroxide

15 Learning Check AB5 Acid, Base Name or Salt CaCl 2 _______________________ KOH_______________________ Ba(OH) 2 ______ _________________ HBr_______________________ H 2 SO 4 ________________________

16 Solution AB5 Acid, Base Name or Salt CaCl 2 saltcalcium chloride KOHbasepotassiuim hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 basebarium hydroxide HBracidhydrobromic acid H 2 SO 4 acidsulfuric acid

17 Bronsted-Lowry Acids Acids are hydrogen ion (H +) donors Bases are hydrogen ion (H + ) acceptors HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl - donor acceptor + - +