The Age of Absolutism in Europe 16 th -18 th centuries

What is an absolute monarch? A king or queen with complete control of their country or empire. A king or queen with complete control of their country or empire. (Note: If it’s someone with complete control who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a dictator.) (Note: If it’s someone with complete control who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a dictator.)

How did monarchs get their power? From God, of course! From God, of course! Divine Right: Monarchs receive their power from God and are only responsible to God. Divine Right: Monarchs receive their power from God and are only responsible to God.

How should an absolute monarch rule? Two Englishmen had different views on the role of an absolute monarch. They were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Two Englishmen had different views on the role of an absolute monarch. They were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.

Thomas Hobbes Wrote Leviathon (1651) Wrote Leviathon (1651) Before society was organized human life was, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” Before society was organized human life was, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” Social Contract is made to form a state and not destroy each other. Social Contract is made to form a state and not destroy each other. People in the state agree to be ruled by an absolute ruler with unlimited power People in the state agree to be ruled by an absolute ruler with unlimited power This ruler must have absolute power in order to preserve order in society. This ruler must have absolute power in order to preserve order in society. Supported Absolute Monarchs Supported Absolute Monarchs

John Locke Wrote Two Treaties of Government (1690) Wrote Two Treaties of Government (1690) Natural Rights-rights with which you are born Natural Rights-rights with which you are born Life, liberty, prosperity Life, liberty, prosperity Agree to form a government to protect rights Agree to form a government to protect rights Gov. was to protect the rights of the people Gov. was to protect the rights of the people People are to be reasonable toward the gov. People are to be reasonable toward the gov. If gov. didn’t protect people’s rights…the people should OVERTHROW the gov. If gov. didn’t protect people’s rights…the people should OVERTHROW the gov.

European Absolute Monarchs to Remember! Four European Absolute Monarchs And when they reigned Philip II of Spain: Philip II of Spain: Louis XIV of France: Louis XIV of France: Frederick the Great of Prussia: Frederick the Great of Prussia: Peter the Great of Russia: Peter the Great of Russia:

Philip II of Spain years! Took control of Portugal and its territories in Africa, India, and the East Indies Took control of Portugal and its territories in Africa, India, and the East Indies Inherited the Spanish Empire in the Americas Inherited the Spanish Empire in the Americas For a time, Spain was the richest, most powerful nation in the world. Then… For a time, Spain was the richest, most powerful nation in the world. Then… We they tried to invade England in 1588, they were defeated… We they tried to invade England in 1588, they were defeated…

The Defeat of Spanish Armada In 1588 English Fire ships! England England had smaller, faster ships And the weather played a BIG part.

Spain’s Golden Age Siglo de Oro  Golden Century Siglo de Oro  Golden Century Brilliance of its arts and literature Brilliance of its arts and literature Philip II  patron of the arts Philip II  patron of the arts Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote Europe’s first modern novel Pokes fun at medieval tales of chivalry

Louis XIV of France: years! Became King of France at the age of ……….6! Govt. was controlled by Cardinal Richelieu & Cardinal Mazarin. Louis didn’t take control of govt. until he was 23.

Wanted to be called the “Sun King” Because as the planets revolve around the sun, so should everyone and everything in France revolve around him! The “Sun King”

The Palace of Versailles (head of gov.) The Palace of Versailles (head of gov.) The Palace of Versailles The Palace of Versailles Kept nobles out of his govt., but in his sight, at the Palace! Kept nobles out of his govt., but in his sight, at the Palace! Over 25,000 people lived there! Over 25,000 people lived there! He is the perfect example of an ABSOLUTE MONARCH! He is the perfect example of an ABSOLUTE MONARCH!

Religion…What was it in France? CATHOLIC CATHOLIC Anti-Protestant policies Anti-Protestant policies Forced to convert or forced to pay Forced to convert or forced to pay

ECONOMY and WAR Decreased imports, increased exports Decreased imports, increased exports Built roads and canals Built roads and canals Spent a lot of money to support his lavish lifestyle Spent a lot of money to support his lavish lifestyle 400,000 members of the standing army Waged four wars to increase the power of France

Louis’s Legacy Spent lots of money on himself! Spent lots of money on himself! Marked the beginning of the modern state Marked the beginning of the modern state On his deathbed, his advice to his great-grandson, the next king: Don’t be like me! On his deathbed, his advice to his great-grandson, the next king: Don’t be like me!

Maria Theresa of Austria : 40 years! Religiously intolerant Made education mandatory Fought Frederick the Great and the Prussians; lost Silisia Outlawed witch burning and torture Outlawed capital punishment Had decency police patrolling everywhere! And had time to have 16 kids! (11 daughters) with the same husband!

Maria Elisabeth: died in childhood. Maria Elisabeth: died in childhood. Maria Anna: died unmarried Maria Anna: died unmarried Maria Anna Maria Anna Maria Karolina: died in childhood. Maria Karolina: died in childhood. Joseph II: married second cousin Joseph II: married second cousin Joseph II Joseph II Maria Christina: married second cousin Maria Christina: married second cousin Maria Elisabeth: died unmarried Maria Elisabeth: died unmarried Charles Joseph: died of smallpox Charles Joseph: died of smallpox Maria Amalia: married Maria Amalia: married Leopold II: (Holy Roman Emperor) married Leopold II: (Holy Roman Emperor) married Leopold II Leopold II Maria Carolina: stillborn Maria Carolina: stillborn Maria Johanna Gabriela: died of smallpox Maria Johanna Gabriela: died of smallpox Maria Josepha: died of smallpox Maria Josepha: died of smallpox Maria Carolina: married Maria Carolina: married Ferdinand: married Ferdinand: married Maria Antonia: married Louis XVI of France and became the famous Queen Marie Antoinette Maria Antonia: married Louis XVI of France and became the famous Queen Marie AntoinetteLouis XVI of FranceLouis XVI of France Maximilian Franz: died unmarried Maximilian Franz: died unmarried

Frederick the Great of Prussia years! (Prussia is NOT Russia!)

Some interesting facts about Frederick the Great Abused by and hated his father. Father said he was a “sissy.” Tried to run away with a friend Was caught. Father furious. Both thrown into prison. Friend beheaded. Frederick had to watch! Went temporarily insane

Emperor Frederick the Great When he became emperor.. When he became emperor.. Led his troops into battle after battle! Led his troops into battle after battle! Mostly against Austria and Maria Theresa. Mostly against Austria and Maria Theresa. Religious tolerance Religious tolerance Expansion of education and culture Expansion of education and culture Defended the plight of the poor Defended the plight of the poor Considered a strong ruler Considered a strong ruler Just what his father had hoped for! Just what his father had hoped for!

Czar Peter the Great His rise to power Russia is frozen in time Russia is frozen in time Holland and Sweden are powers Holland and Sweden are powers 1682: The beginning of Peter’s rise to power 1682: The beginning of Peter’s rise to power

6 ft. 7 inches tall! 6 ft. 7 inches tall! Traveled to Western Europe in disguise Traveled to Western Europe in disguise Came back and modernized (Westernized) Russia Came back and modernized (Westernized) Russia Czar Peter the Great of Russia years!

Peter Visits Western Europe 95% of Russians were serfs 95% of Russians were serfs Went to Western Europe in 1697 Went to Western Europe in 1697 Visited Amsterdam = richest city in the world Visited Amsterdam = richest city in the world 4,000 trading ships 4,000 trading ships Kept his identity a secret to learn how to build a ship Kept his identity a secret to learn how to build a ship

The Revolt of the Palace Guards!

Peter Challenges the Church and Years of Tradition

Peter Goes to War against Sweden To Get Access to the Sea

Peter has his city built St. Petersburg!

Peter Defeats the Swedes – Again! (Skip this one)

Peter’s Failure as a Father

Peter the Great: A Summary and his Death

Czar Peter the Great: Lasting Legacy

Who’s your Favorite? Which of the Absolute Monarchs did you find the most interesting and why? Which of the Absolute Monarchs did you find the most interesting and why?

The Age of Absolutism in Europe 16 th -18 th centuries

What is an absolute monarch? ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Note: If it’s someone with complete control who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a dictator

What would you do with absolute power in the United States today? What would be your opinion on: What the govt. should do about the Ed. system: ____________________________________ The economic crisis and the importance of trade __________________________________ Health Care ________________________________________ The role of the U.S. military in the world: _________________________________________

Thomas Hobbes Wrote ________________ (1651) Before society was organized human life was, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” A ____________ ____________ is made to form a state so people will not destroy each other. –People in the state ___________ to be ruled by an absolute ruler with ____________ power –This ruler must have _______ _________in order to preserve ____________ in society. _______________ Absolute Monarchs

John Locke Wrote ___________________________(1690) _______ _____-rights with which you are born –Life, liberty, prosperity Indvs. _______ to form a gov. to protect _____ Gov. was to protect the ________ of the people People are to be reasonable toward the gov. If gov. didn’t protect people’s rights…the people should ___________________ the gov.

Three European Absolute Monarchs to Remember! ……….And when they reigned _____________________ of Spain: ____________________ of France: ____________________ of Russia:

Philip II of Spain ___ years! Took control of ____________ and its territories in Africa, India, and the East Indies Inherited the Spanish Empire in the ________ For a time, Spain was the richest, most powerful nation in the world. Then… We they tried to invade ___________ in 1588, they were defeated…

The Defeat of ________ Armada In 1588 English Fire ships! England had ___________, _________ ships And the __________ played a BIG part.

Spain’s Golden Age Siglo de Oro  Golden Century Brilliance of its arts and literature Philip II  patron of the arts Miguel de _________________ Don Quixote –Europe’s first modern ________ –Pokes fun at medieval tales of chivalry

Louis XIV of France: _____ years! Became King of France at the age of ……….___! –Govt. was controlled by __________ Mazarin. –Louis didn’t take control of govt. until he was ___. Cute little guy, ehhh?!

The “Sun King” Wanted to be called the “____ King” Because as the planets _________ around the sun, so should everyone and everything in France _________ around him!

The Palace of Versailles The Palace of _____________ Kept nobles out of his govt., but in his ________, at the Palace! –Over ____________ people lived there!

Louis XIV’s Legacy Spent lots of money on ___________! Fought ________ wars to increase the power of France On his deathbed, his advice to his great-grandson, the next king: _____ ___ ____ _!

Maria Theresa of Austria : ___ years! Religiously __________ Made education mandatory Fought ___________ the Great and the Prussians; lost Silisia Outlawed ________ burning and torture Outlawed _________ punishment Had __________ police patrolling everywhere! And had time to have ___ kids! (11 daughters

Maria Elisabeth: died in childhood. Maria Anna: died unmarriedMaria Anna Maria Karolina: died in childhood. Joseph II: married second cousinJoseph II Maria Christina: married second cousin Maria Elisabeth: died unmarried Charles Joseph: died of smallpox Maria Amalia: married Leopold II (Holy Roman Emperor) marriedLeopold II Maria Carolina stillborn Maria Johanna Gabriela: died of smallpox Maria Josepha: died of smallpox Maria Carolina:: married Ferdinand:: married Maria Antonia: married Louis XVI of France and became the famous Queen Marie AntoinetteLouis XVI of France Maximilian Franz:: died unmarried

Frederick the Great of Prussia ___ years! (Prussia is NOT Russia!)

Some interesting facts about Frederick the Great ___________ by and hated his father. Father said he was a “sissy.” Tried to _____ _____ with a friend Was caught. Father furious. Both thrown into prison. Friend _______________. Frederick had to watch! Went temporarily insane

Emperor Frederick the Great When he became emperor.. _______ his troops into battle after battle! Mostly against Austria and Maria Theresa. Religious _____________ Expansion of education and culture Defended the plight of the ________ Considered a _____________ ruler Just what his father had hoped for!

Czar Peter the Great His rise to power Russia is frozen in time H___________ and S___________ are powers 16__: The beginning of Peter’s rise to power More Notes:

6 ft. 7 inches tall! Traveled to _________ Europe in disguise Came back and modernized or _________________ Russia Czar Peter the Great of Russia ____ years!

Peter Visits Western Europe _____% of Russians were s_______ Peter went to ____________ Europe in 1697 Visited Amsterdam = _______ city in the world –4,000 trading ships Kept his identity a __________ to learn how to build a ship More Notes:

The Revolt of the Palace Guards! Notes:

Peter Challenges the Church and Years of Tradition Notes:

Peter Goes to War against Sweden To Get Access to the Sea Did Peter Get what he wanted?__________ _________________

Peter has his city built, St. Petersburg! 1. Why did Peter want a city built where he did?

Peter Builds his City Why did Peter want a city built where it was? At what cost was St. Petersburg built? (Don’t think money!)

Peter Defeats the Swedes – Again! Notes:

Peter’s Failure as a Father Does this story sound familiar? Does this story change your opinion of Peter the Great? Why or why not?

Peter the Great A Summary and his Death What were the most important accomplishments of Peter the Great?

The Lasting Legacy of Czar Peter the Great Why do you think Peter the Great was important in the history of Russia? What is his greatest legacy?

To Live in a country where one person has Absolute Power? Advantages?Disadvantages?

Who’s your Favorite? Which of the Absolute Monarchs did you find the most interesting and why? Now: Complete the Absolute Monarch Chart you’ve been given for Homework. Due: __________________________