Chapter 8 Ionic Compounds Define chemical bond Describe the formation of postive & negative ions

Group Number # Valence Electrons Electron Dot Diagrams Oxidation Numbers 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A

Important Vocabulary Chemical Bond- the force that hold 2 atoms together. Chemical Bond- the force that hold 2 atoms together. This may be formed by an attraction between a (+) nucleus & (-) electrons This may be formed by an attraction between a (+) nucleus & (-) electrons Or attraction between a positive ion & a negative ion Or attraction between a positive ion & a negative ion

Important Vocabulary Cation- a positively charged ion. Cation- a positively charged ion. How does this occur? How does this occur? By losing an electron By losing an electron Anion- a negatively charged ion. Anion- a negatively charged ion. How does this occur? How does this occur? By gaining an electron By gaining an electron

Formation of Ions Positive ions are formed when atoms _________ electrons. Positive ions are formed when atoms _________ electrons. Which groups would be most likely to lose (or give up) electrons? Which groups would be most likely to lose (or give up) electrons? Answer: 1A, 2A, 3A, and sometimes 4A How are negative ions formed? How are negative ions formed? Answer: when atoms gain electrons Which groups would be most likely to gain electrons? Which groups would be most likely to gain electrons? Answers: 5A, 6A, 7A, and sometimes 4A

Oxidation Numbers How many electrons would atoms of elements in each group lose or give up? How many electrons would atoms of elements in each group lose or give up? 1A = 1A = 2A = 2A = 3A = 3A = 4A = 4A = Answers: 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively

Oxidation Numbers (continued) If atoms give up the following number of electrons, what would their charge be: If atoms give up the following number of electrons, what would their charge be: 1 electron 1 electron 2 electrons 2 electrons 3 electrons 3 electrons 4 electrons 4 electrons Answers: +1, +2, +3, and +4, respectively

Oxidation Numbers (continued) How many electrons would atoms of elements in each group gain? How many electrons would atoms of elements in each group gain? 5A = 5A = 6A = 6A = 7A = 7A = 4A = 4A = Answers: 3, 2, 1, and 4, respectively

Oxidation Numbers (continued) If atoms gain the following number of electrons, what would their charge be: If atoms gain the following number of electrons, what would their charge be: 1 electron 1 electron 2 electrons 2 electrons 3 electrons 3 electrons 4 electrons 4 electrons Answers: -1, -2, -3, and -4, respectively

Oxidation Numbers Why is group 4A listed as gaining 4 electrons OR losing 4 electrons? Why is group 4A listed as gaining 4 electrons OR losing 4 electrons? The charge on an ion is called its oxidation number. The charge on an ion is called its oxidation number. Knowing this now, go back to your table at the beginning of your notes and fill in the oxidation number column. Knowing this now, go back to your table at the beginning of your notes and fill in the oxidation number column. What do you think the oxidation number will be for group 4A? What do you think the oxidation number will be for group 4A?

Anion Naming What is an anion? What is an anion? A negative Ion A negative Ion To designate an anion the ending –ide is added to the root name of the element. To designate an anion the ending –ide is added to the root name of the element. Anion of chlorine is called the chloride ion Anion of chlorine is called the chloride ion What is the name for the anion formed from nitrogen? What is the name for the anion formed from nitrogen? Nitride Nitride

Anion Naming If an oxygen atoms gains 2 electrons what charge will it have? And what will it’s ion be called? If an oxygen atoms gains 2 electrons what charge will it have? And what will it’s ion be called? Oxide ion with a charge of 2- Oxide ion with a charge of 2-