4G Mobile Communications

MOBILE SYSTEM GENERATION First Generation (1G) Mobile System:  The introduction of cellular systems in the late 1970s and early 1980s represented a quantum leap in mobile communication.  These 1G cellular systems still transmit only analog voice information.

 1G systems are Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Total Access Communication System (TACS).  It is Based on Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.  First Generation (1G) Mobile System were designed to offer a single service, i.e., speech

Analog cellular System

Second Generation(2G) mobile system  2G digital cellular systems were first developed at the end of the 1980s.  The second generation of mobile networks with the first generation of cellular telephones by switching from analogue to digital.  it is possible to transmit voice and low volume digital data.

 It is Based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) technology.  2G cellular systems include Global system for mobile communication (GSM), Digital AMPS,(D-AMPS), Personal Digital Communication (PDC), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology.

Third Generation(3G) Mobile System  3G mobile systems were first developed at the end of the 1990s.  3G mobile system are expected to offer high-quality multi-media services and operate in different environments.  3G systems promise faster communications services, including voice, fax and Internet, anytime and anywhere with seamless global roaming.

 3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000) worldwide. UMTS Main Requirements :  Multi-media  Multi-environment  Multi-operator Virtual operators

Limitation Of 3G  Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates.  Need for continuously increasing data rate and bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements.  Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation.  Inability to roam between different services.  To provide a seamless transport end-to-end mechanism.  To introduce a better system with reduces.

Introduction of 4G  Up to 2010 growth of mobile subscribers will be more than 50%  Need of higher capacity of networks.  4G- Fourth generation of mobile and wireless communications  Generation to move beyond the problems of 3G  Driven by services that offer better quality (Voice n Data)  Convergence of networks  The of broadband service  The high speed of broadband service  All IP based networks

Comparison of 4G with 3G Characteristics3G (including 2.5G, sub3G)4G Major Requirement Driving Architecture Predominantly voice driven - data was always add on Converged data and voice over IP Network ArchitectureWide area cell-basedHybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) and wide area Speeds384 Kbps to 2 Mbps20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode Frequency BandDependent on country or continent ( MHz) Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz) Bandwidth5-20 MHz100 MHz (or more) Switching Design BasisCircuit and PacketAll digital with packetized voice Access TechnologiesW-CDMA, 1xRTT, EdgeOFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA) Forward Error CorrectionConvolutional rate 1/2, 1/3Concatenated coding scheme Component DesignOptimized antenna design, multi- band adapters Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios IP A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0 All IP (IP6.0)

4G Network Hierarchies

The Goal of 4G  Interactive Multimedia, Voice, Video Streaming  High Speed Global Internet Access – 100Mbps (moving), 1Gbps (stationary).  Service Portability with Scalable Mobile Services  High Capacity, Low Cost Services  Improved Information Security  QoS Enhancements  Flexibility and Personalized Services  Seamless Network of Multiple Protocols - 4G must be all-IP.

Key 4G Technologies  Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)  Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)  Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Potential Applications of 4G Potential Applications of 4G  Virtual Presence  Telemedicine  Virtual Navigation  Education  Tele - Geoprocessing Applications  Crisis-Management Applications

Recent Trends in Industry  NTT DoCoMo- Japan researches.  Sintel-Intel’s M-WiMax as 4g  China’s leap forwards 4g  Samsungs experiments for 4g

Conclusion  4G Technologies are expected to provide higher data rates.  They are expected to give higher security, better services with low cost.  Since no standard is fixed there is plenty of room left for research on issues like interoperability, automatic network selection etc  We hope that 4G visions may come true by

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