Practice Session: Harmony in Society

2 Society = Families living together, in a relationship of mutual fulfillment (common goal)

3 Human Society – Society based on Relationship, Co-existence Family is the basic building block of Society. Family makes effort for 1. Justice 2. Prosperity 3. Participating in Human Society Human Target – As a Society Integrated Family, Society Happiness

4 Families living together, in a relationship of mutual fulfillment (common goal) Effort for common goal Human Education-Sanskar Swtantrata People living together, but not in relationship of mutual fulfillment (differing goals) Effort for dealing with problems Laws, Courts, Incentives Dependence Society Crowd Battlefield People living separately, in opposition / struggle (conflicting goals) Effort for dealing with problems Penal Code, Police, Force Dependence Proactive Active Reactive

5 Crowd… People living separately with conflicting goals in arbitrariness (manmani) / opposition / struggle Fragmented Family, Society Assumptions (eg. Money is everything) In Every Individual Accumulation By Any Means In few Individuals Domination & Exploitation In Society Mastery & Exploitation Over Nature Madness for Consumption Hkksx mUekn Madness for Profit ykHk mUekn Madness for Sensual Pleasure dke mUekn Resource Depletion Pollution Terrorism War

6 Survey Itra – 2300 population. Income is 2.58 cr/year just from Grain, Milk and Vegetables. As income increased, misuse of money increased. Expensive marriages…10 tractors, 50 motorcycles bought … most of them are idle Gurah – 2500 population. Mostly shuttering work. Monthly income is 9000; 3000 spent on liquor, gutka, gambling… competition to make pucca houses… Sandila – 2200 population. Spends Rs 8 Lakhs/year on gutka (equivalent to food for people for 1 year) Is physical facility available in sufficient quantity? Is there right utilization of available physical facility?

7 Problem – Liquor, Gutka (or only symptom?) Action taken to get rid of it – Do’s & Do’nts… (or symptomatic relief – temporary?) Current ApproachWork to be Done in Society 1.Clarity of All Encompassing Solution (Samadhan) Human Conduct, Human Education & Human Order 2.Effort for All Encompassing Solution 3.Problem – Analysis in the light of Samadhan – Inhuman Conduct (Liquor, Gutka… are only the symptoms… of temporary relief / escape) 4.Effort for getting rid of problem – Ensure Human Conduct, understanding of right utilisation

8 As crops rot, millions go hungry in India – Reuters 2-July-2012 NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Every day some 3,000 Indian children die from illnesses related to malnutrition, and yet countless heaps of rodent-infested wheat and rice are rotting in fields across the north of their own country. It is an extraordinary paradox created by a rigid regime of subsidies for grain farmers, a woeful lack of storage facilities and an inefficient, corruption- plagued public distribution system that fails millions of impoverished people.

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10 FAO Report – 11-May-2011 Of the 4.2 billion tons of food produced, more than 1 billion tons of food is lost or wasted every year, UN-backed report finds (11 May 2011) About a third of all the food produced for human consumption each year – or roughly 1.3 billion tons – is lost or wasted, according to a new study commissioned by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)studyFAO Global Food Production is 6 times requirement Global Food Wastage is 1/3 rd of production Wastage is enough to feed 1300 crore people/year Have we understood right utilisation? Is it a question of production? Is it a question of relationship? Is it a question of right understanding? It is a question of right education-sanskar

11 Current State – Solutions? Example:  Government nearly bankrupt  Development loan  Bank places conditions on use of funds – e.g. privatise Water Management

12 Current State – Solutions? Example:  Entertainment or Right Education

13 Problem – Toothache (or only symptom?) Action taken to get rid of it – Pain killer (or symptomatic relief – temporary?) Current ApproachWork to be Done in Society 1.Clarity of All Encompassing Solution (Samadhan) 2.Effort for All Encompassing Solution Health-Sanyam 3.Problem – Analysis in the light of Samadhan – Absence of Sanyam (Toothache… Liver… Cancer… are only the symptoms) 4.Effort for getting rid of problem Ensure Sanyam & Program for Health

14 Hiware Bazaar Watch the video "Hiware Bazaar" (23 Minutes) We will discuss your observations: 1.What is the goal of this village society? 2.What is the program followed by this village society? 3.Man influences society/system or man has to conform to society/system? Is there space in the current system for individuals to express themselves? 4.Reflect on your family goal, family program & participation of each member of your family

15 Summary – Hiware Bazar (Education-sanskar) School CurriculumDefunctCurriculum has compulsory course on water management 32 students studying medicine in nearby colleges Liquor Shops22NIL SanitationOpen defecation100% toilets No sweepers hired by village – all work done by residents

16 Summary – Hiware Bazar (Justice-Suraksha) Families / Population182 / ?235 / 1, families have returned Gram SabhaParticipative, Transparent ForestGrazing domestic cattle on forest land. Trees cut for firewood 10 lakh trees planted 90% success rate. No grazing in forest – grow fodder instead. Babool trees in forest used to harvest gum Girl ChildrenSecond daughters marriage expenses borne by gram panchyat DiversityMosque made by community for only muslim family CollaborationCommunity labour EnvironmentNo cars used within village – and outside use car pools; use cycles within village (gram sabha 2008)

17 Summary – Hiware Bazar (Production-Work, Exchange-Storage) Average Rainfall / Year400 mm400 mm (190 mm in 2010) Irrigated Area20 hectares / 976 hectares 70 hectares / 976 hectares Water Conservation52 earthen bunds, 2 percolation tanks, 32 stone bunds, 9 check dams. Tubewell only for drinking water, not for agriculture Wells / Water Level90 / ft294 / ft CropsIncluded sugarcane Maize, jowar, bajra, onions, potatoes… planned after monthly water availability assessment. Now sugarcane is restricted to ½ acre & only for fodder Organic farming20% chemical fertilisers  plan to go 100% organic soon Milk Production / Day150 liters4,000 liters Per Capita Income / Month 83030,000 (60 millionaires) Families / Below BPL1683 (Hiware Bazar puts it at12)

18 Summary – Hiware Bazar (Health-Sanyam) Primary HealthOpen, transparent

19 “I took 21 years to transform my village. Now I have zipped the strategy to take just 2 years. With community participation, we can create a new era of rural change” Popatrao Pawar, Deputy Sarpanch 2012

20 This is an example of what people have done together (there is still space for good work in the current system) After 21 Years… Hiware Bazaar Today (November 2012)  people visit Hiware Bazaar every day  Popat Rao Pawar has been made State minister, Chairman of Maharashtra's Model Village Programme  He has been given charge of 100 villages – to implement similar model Contacts: Mohan Habib Sayyed (works on village water management)

21 Problem – Corruption (or only symptom?) Action taken to get rid of it – Penal Code – Laws, Rules, Regulations – Movements… (or symptomatic relief – temporary?) Current ApproachWork to be Done in Society 1.Clarity of All Encompassing Solution (Samadhan) 2.Effort for All Encompassing Solution Human Conduct, Human Education & Human Order 3.Problem – Analysis in the light of Samadhan – Inhuman Conduct (domination, exploitation, corruption… are only the symptoms) 4.Effort for getting rid of problem – Ensure Human Conduct

22 Kuthambakkam Village, near Chennai Study the village cluster with Kuthambakkam as the nodal village. This is after 15 Years of working together… Kuthambakkam Today (Feb 2012) Working with 740 panchayats in Active projects with about 50 panchayats (there are about 2.75 lakh panchayats in India) Elango Ramaswamy, Ashoka Fellow, Trust for Self Governance & Ex. Sarpanch of Kuthambakkam Gram Panchayat, Kuthambakkam, Poonamallee Block, Thiruvallur District TN Phone: , Web Site:

23 Goals 1.Network Economy - concentrate on Prosperity creation rather than poverty eradication. More than 80% of village consumption can be met through value-addition done to the local produce. The remaining can be supplied by village trade groups (This initiative will focus on evolving self-dependent economy in the rural areas rather than worry about their place in the global market).  Assured and Sustainable employment  Access and Food Security  Developing Collective Entrepreneurship  Conserve energy 2.Decentralise – Continue strengthening panchayats by sharing and learning best practices among panchayats to enable them to function as Local Self Governments to establish self reliant villages (Facilitated by the Panchayat Raj system, these efforts will have a ripple effect)

24 Gram Panchayat (Village Governance) A few hundred years back, India was held together through strong community leadership and community based actions... they created and sustained community based infrastructure, governance and trade. The people governing themselves would truly bring democracy to the grass-roots and take a mighty step towards reviving the village economy to its past glory It would build within them confidence in their ability and pride in their locality A strong local governance will ensure the success of every national plan A network may contain villages and a population of 50, ,000 people – a sustainable economic zone

25 Network Villages Nucleus village Network village #1 Network village #3 Network village #2 Network village #4 Network village #5 Network Village Economy - self- sustaining economy zone Surplus production for outside consumption and buying services and products Surplus production Production for local consumption

26 Village Network Economy Money economy does not report real values...the value of a rupee is different in different hands...what might be food for 4-5 days in the poor man's hands is the price of a cigar for the rich man - J.C.Kumarappa The network villages share their produce between themselves and supplement each others' production and processing What is produced in excess is sent to outside world - other village clusters or towns for money power which in turn can buy products and services not available in the village

27 Initial Results: Occupation

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29 Transformation ( ladze.k ) = Development ( fodkl ) Transformation& Progress laØe.k&fodkl

30 Role of Education-Sanskar: Enable Transformation The role of education is to facilitate the development of the competence to live with Definite Human Conduct f”k{kk dh Hkwfedk Ekkuo esa fuf”pr Ekkuoh; vkpj.k ls thus dh ;ksX;rk fodflr djuk gSA Transformation& Progress laØe.k&fodkl

31 Human Society – Society based on Relationship, Co-existence Family is the basic building block of Society. Family makes effort for 1. Justice 2. Prosperity 3. Participating in Human Society Human Target – As a Society Integrated Family, Society Happiness

32 Every unit is selfish. Individual aims are dissonant with others & with collective Central control. Fear, incentive, faith used to motivate Power, energy is centralized. Externally, centrally regulated Top down Human being is a resource Every unit is self organized. Individual aims are complementary to others & to collective Each unit is responsible, self- organised, self-motivated Every unit is self energized & self regulated Bottom up Human being is co-existence of Self(I) & Body Body is a resource of the Self(I) Domination (shasan)Self Organization (vyavastha)

33 Harmony in Society – Undivided Family, Universal Human Order Human Target ( ekuo y{; ) Five Dimensions of Human Order ¼ ekuoh; O;oLFkk & i¡kp vk;ke ½ 1. Education – Sanskar - f”k{kk laLdkj 2. Health – Sanyam - LokLF; la;e 3. Production – Work - mRiknu dk;Z 4. Justice – Suraksha - U;k; lqj{kk 5. Exchange – Storage - fofue; dks’k Ten Steps ¼ nl lksiku ½ – From Family Order to World Family Order Family – Family cluster – Village – Village cluster... Nation... World Family ~ 10 1 ~ 10 2 ~ Right Understanding & Right Feelings In Every Individual Prosperity In Every Family Fearlessness (Trust) In Society Co-Existence In Nature/ Existence Happiness Universal Human Order – Societal Order in which fulfillment of the Human Target is ensured generation after generation

34 Dynamic Relationship between Individual & Family… Society Sanskar (t), Environment (t), Self-exploration (t)  Sanskar (t+1) Family environment / tradition = ∑ Sanskar (all family members) a) Understanding, Feelings & Thought b) Physical Facility Participation = Understanding goal (individual + family) & Effort for it's fulfillment Participation includes effort for getting rid of problems or incompleteness [what’s missing + solution + my role in the solution] 2 key outputs – 1. Own sanskar / understanding & realisation 2. Environment / tradition at level of family… society 1. Education-sanskar 2. Environment / Tradition 1. Participation in larger order

35 Responsibility, ParticipationIrresponsibility, Expectation Indiv – Family – Family cluster – Village – Village cluster – Nation – World Family 10 1 ~ 10 1 ~ 10 2 ~ Individual: Responsibility, Swatantrata  Happiness Participation in larger order Family of Such Individuals: More people  Less effort per person Responsible Family  Happiness & Prosperity Participation (10 x 10%); undivided family … Society:  Continuity of Happiness & Prosperity Relationship, Undivided Society Universal Human Order Individual: Irresponsibility, Partantrata  Unhappiness Expectation from larger order Family of Such Individuals: More people  More effort per person Irresponsible Family  Unhappiness & Deprivation Expectations; fragmented family … Society:  Unhappiness & Deprivation Domination, Fragmented Society Inhuman Governance

36 Responsibility & Participation Individual takes responsibility for most of his needs, passes on rest (abt 10%) to be fulfilled by larger order (swayam mein vyavastha) & Is actively participating in larger order (badi vyavastha mein bhagidari) 10 such individuals  next larger order has 10 x 10% to fulfill -It is a managable load for the larger order. Enrichment of people is possible -Relationship or dominance, both options are available to the larger order. Depending on level of understanding, one mode is predominant -Individual is happy & engages more with larger order -Individual is able to see that he has been responsible and active in participation. This is fulfilling for him -In the state of fulfillment, he is able to rightly evaluate himself & make plan for further self-development -Fulfilled individual is able to help others in understanding & living accordingly

37 Lack of Responsibility &/or Lack of Participation Individual takes responsibility for very few of his needs, passes on rest to be fulfilled by larger order (swayam mein a-vyavastha) &/or Is not actively participating in larger order (badi vyavastha mein bhagidari nahin) -it is an overload for the larger order people have to be exploited directly/indirectly to work for each indulgent person -dominance remains only option for the larger order & it is also the prevalent mode. Dominance is not naturally acceptable -Individual is unfulfilled & complains about the larger order -Individual is not able to see that his unhappiness is due to his own irresponsibility &/or lack of participation -Without seeing his own connection to his unhappiness, he is also not able to make any plan for fulfillment through self-development (continues to assume I am OK, problem is outside with others & the system) -Unfulfilled individual tries to run away/escape from this, by way of more sensation, more accumulation of physical facility…

38 Indulgence (Bhog) Abstinence (Tyag) Right Utilisation (Sadupyog) Use is primarily for getting sensation / taste (aswadan) Minimise usage of physical facility Use based on purpose/property (& then taste) Consumption, accum. of physical facility for sensation/taste Abstain from use of physical facility or sensation / taste Prosperity 1.Recognising need 2.Fulfillment of need Other is -Means of sensation -Means of feeling -Resource for physical facility Renunciation of relationship Other is like me Feeling is important In the relationship Exploitation of -Human being ( people need to work for 1 indulgent person) -Nature Little interaction with -Human being -Nature Enrichment of -Human being (responsibility & participation) -Nature

39 Net Achievement DimensionIndividualFamily/Society Human EducationUnderstanding Human SanskarThought Sanskriti Culture Human ConductThoughtVidhi, Vidhan Human ConstitutionBehaviourSabhyata Civilisation Human OrderWork, ParticipationVyavastha Order Universal HumanAll dimensionsParampara Tradition Order OutcomeSukh HappinessSamadhan RU & RF Shanti PeaceSamriddhi Prosperity Santosh SatisfactionAbhay Fearlessness Anand BlissSah-astitva Co-existence

40 Undivided Family, Universal Human Order Human Target ( ekuo y{; ) Human Order ¼ ekuoh; O;oLFkk ½ Five Dimensions ¼i¡kp vk;ke½ 1. Education – Sanskar 2. Health – Sanyam 3. Production – Work 4. Justice – Suraksha 5. Exchange – Storage 1234 Right Understanding & Right Feelings In Every Individual Prosperity In Every Family Fearlessness (Trust) In Society Co-Existence In Nature/ Existence Universal Human Order – Societal Order in which fulfillment of the Human Target is ensured In such a Societal Order, every human being lives with happiness & prosperity; and there is an assurance of its continuity

41 Indicators of Net Achievement (Individual, Family, Society…) 1.Index of Understanding: % of Population with Right Understanding e.g. % individuals who live with solution & response (who facilitate right understanding & relationship in others) vs problem & reaction (who are mostly talking about problems, get irritated, angry or quarrel) 2.Index of Prosperity: % of Prosperous Families e.g. families that have recognised their need for physical facility and produce/have more than their need 3.Index of Fearlessness (Trust): % of People one has Trust on Intention – Unconditionally, Continuously 4.Index of Sustainability (Co-existence): Enrichment of Nature e.g. Air Quality, Water Table, Water Quality, Average Annual Improvement of Soil Quality, Definiteness in Weather

42 Beliefs (aastha), Controller-Follower relationship Government (shasan), Controller-Follower relationship Trade & Economics (vyapar), Producer-Customer relationship … Knowing (Gyan, janna), relationship of mutual fulfillment

43 The problem is not – the incorrect actions of bad people The problem is – the inactivity of the good people

44 1.Understand Your Natural Acceptance Swatva 2.Live in accordance with itSwatantrata in Harmony Within 3.Participate in Larger OrderSwarajya in Harmony with others… with entire existence Starting Point… Individual… Followed by Family… Society…