A Global Perspective on Mesh Networking Craig Mundie Chief Technical Officer Senior Vice President Advanced Strategies and Policy Microsoft Corporation

Wireless Mesh Summit Craig Mundie Brad Gillespie A Global Perspective on Mesh Networking Wireless Mesh Summit Salish Lodge June hours with demos & QA Internal & External Researchers Power at the edge of the network Programmable internet WiFi Mesh Networks Regulation Speaker: Content Manager: Title of presentation: Name of Event: Location of Event: Date of presentation: Length of presentation Audience: Key objective(s):

PC Architecture DOS Spreadsheets Word Processors PC Mid 80s Internet Mid 90s Applications Late 80s-Mid 90s Web Apps Mid 00s -... Today Wi-Fi/Broadband XML/SOAPHTTP/HTMLSMTP Clients Web Browsers Speech/Handwriting Devices Web Services Protocols: Loosely Coupled APIs: Tightly Coupled Rights Management Trusted Computing Hardware MouseGUILANs Waves of Innovation

Fabric of loosely coupled systems, services, devices, applications, data… Web Services Connected Web Services

Power At The Edge Processing Conclusion: Put processing as close to the data as possible Storage Shugart’s Law Larger storage size Smaller form factor & cheaper Moore’s Law Faster Smaller, lower power & cheaper Metcalfe’s Law Increased bandwidth Cheaper lower bandwidth connections Interconnection

What can you get for a $1? Processing One PC-day of computation Storage 1 GB disk storage (2 DVD quality movies) Interconnection 100 MB broadband data (3.5 hours of music) 1 MB voice telephony (15 minutes talk time) 1.6 KB SMS (10 messages) Bits ≠ Value Broadband: 1¢ per MB GPRS: $1 per MB SMS: $600 per MB It’s the Bandwidth (and Spectrum) that’s expensive

Mobility Universal Connectivity 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM EDGE802.11a/g/b d/e Bluetooth Handwriting & Speech Improved Displays Big Question: Power

The Natural Evolution of Connectivity Wireless Mesh Networks

Broadband Divide 13,707 unique nodes within Manhattan (Fall 2002) 91% below 96th Street Source: Wireless Mesh Networks have the potential to bridge this Broadband divide

(Hidden slide) Mesh network formation requires amazingly low density of willing participants to form. We have found that it takes only about 5- 10% of the homes in a neighborhood willing to participate in a mesh network, for one to form

Phones In The US and China Technologies with lightweight infrastructure requirements, such as wireless mesh networks, have the potential to transform emerging markets even more rapidly than developed markets

Roll-out of traditional last mile solutions are daunting (hidden) Market Overwhelming number of end node points in the last-mile: Conservative estimate 106 million addressable end nodes. 83 million in metropolitan areas, 23 million of in rural. Roll-out 10,000 employees each install 5 end nodes per day 1% customer base churn per month 50% market penetration in 6¼ years. 85% penetration in a little over 19 years For comparison, cable TV is about 85% and telephones are around 99%. Costs 50% penetration: $63B over 6¼ years 85% penetration: $229B over 19 years Source of costs one-time customer-equipment charge of $250/ household. $500/month to service 50 installed customers. Other: Employee costs (Transportation, parking, salary, etc.), Administrative & Marketing, Equipment & Service

Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Talking Points (Hidden) From Jeff Erwin We are very excited about the opportunity mesh provides us to deliver compelling experiences to our customers. We are excited about the potential that mesh holds. Mesh provides a flexible, fault-tolerant environment in which to offer broadband connectivity between peers regardless of existing infrastructure capabilities. Mesh can provide service to customers in locations and in ways not reachable with today’s infrastructure- dependant topologies. Mesh provides a simple peer-to-peer connectivity model that does not require built-out infrastructure making it ideally suited to scenarios like public spaces or providing broadband service in emerging markets that lack infrastructure.

Hard Problems Spectrum Management Etiquettes in unlicensed bands Cognitive frequency-agile radios Underlay RF Technology (e.g. UWB) Capacity & Range Interference mitigation with smart antennas, MIMO,… 60 GHz wireless Trust (Security, Privacy,..) Self Management DRM Interoperability & standardization Networking

MS has skin in the game (hidden) MSR is looking at some of the hard problems from first principals –but to succeed this has to be a joint effort. Venice team is working on making a real- world testbed Venice team is working on making a real- world testbed The problem space is hard because of immutable laws of physics (e.g. 60 GHz)

Spectrum Regulation Goal: efficient, widespread use of spectrum Creative spectrum reform Unlicensed spectrum Etiquettes and other efficiency enhancing reforms Microsoft strongly advocates freeing up more spectrum for unlicensed use

Going Forward Elements of the converging Digital Future Smart Regulation Power at the Edge of The Network Connectivity & the Programmable Internet Wireless Mesh Networks Are The Way To Go

Call To Action Together academia, government, and industry must develop common vision Joint research projects to tackle hard problems Partnership in building and deploying real-world test beds

©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.

Phones In The US

Phones In China

Seamless Roaming Between Wi-Fi and GPRS Internet