Chapter 17 Groundwater. Figure 17.2 Variations in the Water Table Water tends to mimic the land surface Variations in rainfall & permeability.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 17 Groundwater

Figure 17.2

Variations in the Water Table Water tends to mimic the land surface Variations in rainfall & permeability

Gaining and Losing Streams Figure 17.4

Groundwater Storage Porosity % of pore spaces Fluid Storage

Table 17.2

Groundwater Movement Permeability ability to transmit a fluid

Aquifer Yields significant quantities of water High porosity & permeability

Aquifers Confined/Closed Unconfined/Open

Long Island Aquifers Upper Glacial Magothy Lloyd

Aquiclude Inhibits movement of groundwater Impermeable Clay or Solid Bedrock

Groundwater Movement Darcy’s Law Q=K(dh/dl)A

Darcy’s Law Q=Discharge K=Hydraulic Conductivity dh=Change in water table elevation dl=Distance over which change occurs A=Area in question

Spring Resulting from a Perched Water Table Figure 17.8

Figure 17.13

Artesian Well Figure 17.15

Artesian Pressure System

Excess Groundwater Withdrawal Subsidence – land surface sinks California Venice Texas

Excess Groundwater Withdrawal Saltwater Contamination Excess groundwater withdrawal Saltwater is drawn into wells Coastal areas Ghyben-Herzberg Equation

Total thickness of freshwater lens = x + 40x

Saltwater Contamination Figure 17.19

Groundwater Contamination Sewage Extremely permeable aquifers (gravel) Travels long distances without being filtered

Groundwater & Erosion Caves Caverns Sinkholes

End of Chapter 17