Review of: adjective agreement, ser, nouns & articles

Adjective Agreement Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. In Spanish, they agree with the noun: In Spanish, they agree with the noun: in number (singular/plural) in number (singular/plural) in gender (masculine/feminine) in gender (masculine/feminine)

Adjective Agreement Adjectives usually come after the noun described. Adjectives usually come after the noun described. a tall boy = un chico alto a tall boy = un chico alto the red house=la casa roja the red house=la casa roja the big books = the big books = los libros grandes los libros grandes

Adjective Agreement Adjectives that end in “o” have 4 forms: Example: alto Adjectives that end in “o” have 4 forms: Example: alto SingularPlural Masculinealtoaltos Femininealtaaltas

Adjective Agreement Adjectives that end in “e” only have 2 forms: Ex: inteligente Adjectives that end in “e” only have 2 forms: Ex: inteligente SingularPlural Masculineinteligenteinteligentes Feminineinteligenteinteligentes

Adjective Agreement Adjectives that end in a consonant have 2 forms as well. Adjectives that end in a consonant have 2 forms as well. Example: azul Example: azul SingularPlural Masculineazulazules Feminineazulazules

Adjective Agreement EXCEPTION: If the adjective ends in “-or”, then you add an “a” for the feminine form so it has 4 forms. Example: trabajador EXCEPTION: If the adjective ends in “-or”, then you add an “a” for the feminine form so it has 4 forms. Example: trabajador SingularPlural Masculinetrabajadortrabajadores Femininetrabajadoratrabajadoras

Adjective Agreement EXCEPTION: If the adjective ends in “-ista”, then it only has 2 forms. Example: deportista EXCEPTION: If the adjective ends in “-ista”, then it only has 2 forms. Example: deportista SingularPlural Masculinedeportistadeportistas Femininedeportistadeportistas

Ser Ser is used to: Ser is used to: identify people and things identify people and things tell time, day, dates tell time, day, dates professions professions origin (de) origin (de) possession/ownership possession/ownership relationship relationship

Ser Ser is used to: Ser is used to: describe people and things describe people and things

Ser The verb “ser” is used when describing people. The verb “ser” is used when describing people. soy eres es somos sois son

Ser The verb “ser” is used when describing people. The verb “ser” is used when describing people. I am You are You are He/She is We are you are they are you (pl.) are

Nouns and Articles All Spanish nouns are either masculine or feminine. All Spanish nouns are either masculine or feminine. Most nouns that refer to males are masculine. Most nouns that refer to males are masculine. Most nouns that refer to females are feminine. Most nouns that refer to females are feminine. el actor / la actriz el actor / la actriz

Nouns and Articles The definite articles (the) are: The definite articles (the) are: SingularPlural Masculineellos Femininelalas

Nouns and Articles The indefinite articles (a, an or some) are: The indefinite articles (a, an or some) are: SingularPlural Masculineununos Feminineunaunas

Nouns and Articles Most nouns that end in the following letters are masculine: Most nouns that end in the following letters are masculine: -o, -or, -ón, -ma/-pa -o, -or, -ón, -ma/-pa el sombrero el profesor el cinturón el problema el mapa el trabajador

Nouns and Articles Most nouns that end in the following letters are feminine: Most nouns that end in the following letters are feminine: -a, -ción/sión, -dad/-tad -a, -ción/sión, -dad/-tad la camisa la natación la televisión la verdad la libertad

Nouns and Articles The gender of nouns with other endings is learned through practice. The gender of nouns with other endings is learned through practice. el reloj la clase el lápiz (los lápices) la gente

Nouns and Articles And of course…there are irregulars: And of course…there are irregulars: el día la mano la flor

Nouns and Articles Lastly, “-ista” words always end in “-ista” Lastly, “-ista” words always end in “-ista” el artista la artista Picasso es un artista talentoso. Picasso es un artista talentoso. Notice that the agreement remains. Notice that the agreement remains.

Accents Rule # 1: Rule # 1: Nouns that end in a vowel, n or s have an oral stress on the second to last syllable. Nouns that end in a vowel, n or s have an oral stress on the second to last syllable. hablo, joven, libros, casa hablo, joven, libros, casa

Accents Rule # 2: Rule # 2: Nouns that end in a consonant (other than n/s) have a stress on the last syllable. Nouns that end in a consonant (other than n/s) have a stress on the last syllable. azul, cartel, azul, cartel,

Accents When some nouns are made plural, accents may be added or dropped in order to keep the same sound. When some nouns are made plural, accents may be added or dropped in order to keep the same sound. An accent mark is only used to tell you to break the rule. An accent mark is only used to tell you to break the rule.

el joven: rule says to pronounce this work with an oral stress on the 2 nd to last syllable. (the “o”) el joven: rule says to pronounce this work with an oral stress on the 2 nd to last syllable. (the “o”) el joven  jóvenes el joven  jóvenes But…when “joven” is made plural it is altering the sound. In order to stop this from happening you add the accent mark to “break the rule” above the original sound which is the “o.” But…when “joven” is made plural it is altering the sound. In order to stop this from happening you add the accent mark to “break the rule” above the original sound which is the “o.”

Accents el examen  los exámenes el examen  los exámenes Sometimes it happens the other way around so accent mark is no longer needed Sometimes it happens the other way around so accent mark is no longer needed la lección  las lecciones la lección  las lecciones el autobús  los autobuses el autobús  los autobuses