1. Cap 1 Notes

2. Definite Articles (los artículos definidos)
Nouns in Spanish have a specific gender.
Masculine (-o) can end in L, O, N, E, R, S
Feminine (-a) can end in D, ión, z, a
They also have a number
Singular (ej: el chico)
Plural (ej: los chicos)
Each noun is modified or accompanied by an article
Definite articles are used to talk about something specific
They agree in gender and number to the noun they modify

3. Definite articles (cont.)
Masculine
Feminine
Singular
El- the
(ej: el muchacho)
La- the
(ej: la muchacha)
Plural
Los- the
(ej: los muchachos)
Las- the
(ej: las muchachas)

4. Indefinite Articles (Los artículos indefinidos)
Indefinite articles are used to talk about something non specific.
They also agree in gender and number.
You use either the definite article or the indefinite article with the noun not both!!!!!

5. Indefinite articles cont.
Masculine
Feminine
Singular
Un- a, an
(ej: un chico)
Una- a, an
(ej: una chica)
Plural
Unos- some
(ej: unos chicos)
Unas- some
(ej: unas chicas)

6. Adjetivos (Adjectives)
Describe nouns
Like articles in Spanish must agree in gender and number to the noun they modify
In Spanish they usually follow the noun
Masculine adjectives usually end in –o
El chico guapo (the good looking boy)
Feminine adjectives usually end in –a
La chica guapa (the good looking girl)
If an adjective ends in an –e or most consonant then it is considered an universal adjective, which means you can use them with either gender.
El chico paciente (the patient boy)
La chica fenomenal (The phenomenal girl)
If an adjective ends in an –r then you sometimes add an –a to make feminine.
El chico trabajador (the hard-working boy)
La chica trabajadora ( the hard-working girl)

7. Adjetivos cont. To make adjectives plural
If an adjective ends in a consonant you just add an –es to make plural. (Same goes for nouns)
Los chicos fenomenales- ( the phenomenal boys)
Las blusas azules- The blue blouses
If an adjective ends in a vowel you add –s to make plural (Same goes for nouns)
Las chicas divertidas- (The fun girls)
Los pantalones negros- (The black pants)

8. Subject Pronouns Yo- I Tú- you (familiar) Él- He Ella- She
Usted- you (formal)
I gave more detail in class. You will need to get the additions
Nosotros (as)- we
Vosotros (as)- you all (familiar, plural)[only used in Spain]
Ellos-They (guys/mixed company)
Ellas- They (all girls)
Ustedes- you (formal, plural)[used instead of vosotros in Latin America, any time there are more than one you]

9. El verbo Ser- to be Yo soy - I am Tú eres - You are
Él es - He is (it is)
Ella es - She is (it is)
Usted es - You are (formal)
Use with origin, profession, time, date, possession, what you are, personality, appearance, where an event takes place
Nosotros (as) somos - We are
Vosotros (as) sois - You all are
Ellos son - They are (guys/mixed)
Ellas son - They are (girls)
Ustedes son - You are (formal, plural)

10. Ser used with Origin ¿De dónde eres? (Where are you from?)
Soy de… (I am from …)
¿De dónde es usted? (Where are you from? [formal])
Soy de… (I am from…)
¿De dónde es (él/ella)? (Where is he/she from?)
Es de… (He/She is from…)
¿De dónde sois? (Where are you all from?)
Somos de…(We are from…)
¿De dónde son ustedes? (Where are you from? [formal, plurarl])
Somos de… (We are from…)
¿De dónde son (ellos/ellas)? (Where are they from?)
Son de… (They are from…)