Integrating Technology into Teaching TPACK Steve Swan University of Louisville

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked problem”. TPACK  Requirements are incomplete, contradictory, and changing  Unique, no two wicked problems are the same  Solutions are difficult to realize  Solutions are not “right’ or “wrong”  Solutions do not have “stopping rules ”

If we teach today as we taught yesterday, then we rob our children of tomorrow. ~John Dewey ~John Dewey

If you accept your limitations, you go beyond them. Brendan Francis Behan

“Much of education today is monumentally ineffective. All too often we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.” John Gardner

NETS ( N ational E ducational T echnology S tandards) Teacher Standards for Teaching with Technology 1. Facilitate and Inspire Student Learning and Creativity 2. Design and Develop Digital-Age Learning Experiences and Assessments 3. Model Digital-Age Work and Learning 4. Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility 5. Engage in Professional Growth and Leadership International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), 2008

What does history tell us… v=B9gB6AP3BEs

Teacher Knowledge Content Content Knowledge (CK) is knowledge about the actual subject matter that is to be learned or taught. The content to be covered varies greatly by age level and subject- matter.

Teacher Knowledge Pedagogy Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) is deep knowledge about the processes and practices or methods of teaching and learning and how it encompasses (among other things) overall educational purposes, values and aims.

Teacher Knowledge P edagogical C ontent K nowledge Content Pedagogy PCK In considering the relationship between content and pedagogy, the key question is how disciplines differ from each other and whether disciplines can or should be taught through the same instructional strategies.

Teacher Knowledge P edagogical C ontent K nowledge Relationship Discipline Differences Description of context, conditions, facts, functions, assumptions, and goals Selection of relevant information and critical elements Representation: organizing, illustrating, and modifying elements and relations Inference: drawing conclusions, forming propositions Synthesis: composing wholes from parts, filling gaps, developing course of action – Verification: confirming accuracy and results, judging validity, using feedback

Teacher Knowledge Technology Understanding the impact of technology (TK) on the practices and knowledge of a given discipline is critical if we are to develop appropriate technological tools for educational purposes.

Teacher Knowledge for the 21st Century T echnological P edagogical C ontent K nowledge Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge The Total Package for Teaching in the 21st Century! Content Pedagogy TPCK Technology TPACK

Teacher Knowledge for the 21st Century TPACK is the intersection of all 3 bodies of knowledge Understanding goes beyond the knowledge of each in isolation. Instead it is how they interact with each other Content Pedagogy TPCK Technology TPACK

Thinking about TPACK - Borrowing from PCK An overarching conception of what it means to teach particular content topics; Knowledge of students’ understandings, thinking, and learning of particular subject matter topics; Knowledge of curriculum and curriculum materials with learning and teaching subject matter topics; Knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching and learning particular content topics. Grossman, 1989,1990 An overarching conception of what it means to integrate technology to teach particular content topics; Knowledge of students’ understandings, thinking, and learning of particular subject matter topics with technology ; Knowledge of curriculum and curricular materials that integrate technology with learning and teaching subject matter topics; Knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching and learning particular content topics with appropriate technologies. Niess, 2005 PCKTPACK

Preparing Teachers to Teach with Technology - Guiding Development of TPACK The challenges Digital emigrants from 20th century 20th century learning in K-12 20th century college subject matter teaching 20th century teacher preparation programs Teacher educators Cooperating teachers 20th century school classrooms, curriculum, instruction Technology access TPACK developmental process

Impossible?

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked problem”. TPACK Teaching with technology is a WICKED PROBLEM!

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked problem”. TPACK Wicked Problems require CREATIVE SOLUTIONS

Integrating technology into teaching can be viewed as a “wicked problem”. TPACK Creativity is seen as Novelty Novelty must be joined to Purpose

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective, and Whole (NEW) TPACK -Novel Fresh, unusual, unique, surprising, startling, astonishing, astounding, germinal, trendsetting, radical, revolutionary, influential, pioneering - Effective Valuable, important, significant, essential, necessary, logical, sensible, relevant, appropriate, adequate, functional, operable, useful, user-friendly - Whole Organic, ordered, arranged, organized, formed, complete, elegant, graceful, charming, attractive, refined, complex, intricate, ornate, interesting, understandable, meaningful, clear, self-explanatory, well crafted, skillful, well made, meticulous

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective, and Whole (NEW) TPACK Go to Movie v=FOYCmPUVFfs

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective, and Whole (NEW) TPACK A school develops a creative way to showcase their love of reading and diversity groups/brandeiselementaryhttp://media.jefferson.k12.ky.us/ groups/brandeiselementary/

Creative Solutions are Novel, Effective, and Whole (NEW) TPACK A teacher working in a challenging school tries using technology and a different pedagogy to teach her content.

Putting it all together… TPACK v=s_bgeohrV_k

TPACK Framework Activity Using the TPACK Framework students will identify: content, pedagogy, and technology in a real school activity. Students will complete the TPACK Framework at the beginning of class. Revisit the process at the end of class and revisit/revise their TPACK Framework.

TPACK Framework Activity

Content knowledge Pedagogy Knowledge Technology Knowledge TPACK Solution