IT’S MY BODY (PART 3) HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (GLANDS AND HORMONES)

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM- WHAT DOES IT DO? Hormones are chemical substances that help to regulate processes in the body. Hormones are secreted by glands and travel to their target organs in the bloodstream. Several hormones are involved in the female menstrual cycle. Hormones can be used to control human fertility and have advantages and disadvantages. Hormones and glands Hormones are chemicals secreted by glands in the body. Different hormones affect different target organs. The bloodstream transports hormones from the glands to the target organs. uman/hormonesrev1.shtml

Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood- May stimulate other glands Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes

Hormones need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job

Major Glands of the Endocrine system Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal. Pancreas Ovaries Testes human/hormonesrev1.shtml

HORMONES AND NERVOUS SYSTEM IN CONTROL OF INTERNAL CONDITIONS It is important that the internal environment of the body is controlled. Maintaining a constant internal environment is called homeostasis. The nervous system and hormones are responsible for this. These are some of the internal conditions that are controlled.

WATER CONTENT OF THE BODY This is controlled to protect cells by avoiding too much water entering or leaving them. Water content is controlled by water loss from: the lungs when we exhale the skin by sweating the body, in urine produced by the kidneys

PITUITARY GLAND Master gland of body Located in the depression of sphenoid bone Produces many hormones that affect other glands thyroid stimulating hormone Somatotropin- growth hormone Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin ADH- antidiuretic hormone

Giantism- oversecretion of somatotropin before puberty Dwarfism- undersecretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH

Thyroid GLAND- produces hormones that control metabolism and calcium in blood. Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine goiter- not enough iodine hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism

Adrenal glands Located just above the kidney Secretes many hormones Epinephrine Norepinephrine Many steroid hormones, inc estrogen and androgens.

Pancreas- pancreatic juices into the intestine secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells. Also secretes glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream

Diabetes Mellitus- Cause- decreased secretion of insulin Symptoms Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it 225,000 die each year 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending

Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best) Human Insulin - First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by GenentechInsulin

In May 1960, the FDA approved the sale of a pill that arguably would have a greater impact on Americans than any other drug in the nation's history. For women across the country, the contraceptive pill was liberating: it allowed them to pursue careers, fueled the feminist and pro-choice movements and encouraged more open attitudes towards sex. Estrogen in pill suppresses FSH in pituitary- ovulation does not occur

SUMMARY OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Complete the table below: GlandHormone producedFunction of the hormone

NEUROBIOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND LABS What Does Your "Homunculus" Look Like? ( html) html Effect of Environment on Memory ( emory.html) emory.html Taste Activity ( experiments/experiment_truly_tasteless.html) experiments/experiment_truly_tasteless.html A healthy brain? - Caffeine activity ( Pillbug behavior Lab - (

REFERENCES /chapter0/deluxe.html JOSHSANESPPT.PPT escent%20Substance%20Abuse%20II.ppt