Clean Energy Solutions Milton L. Charlton Chief for Environment, Science, Technology and Health Affairs U.S. Embassy Seoul

Global Energy Challenges Rapid growth in demand Air pollution Energy security Climate change

Rapid Growth in Demand 50 – 60% increase by 2030 Coal demand is rising fastest Source: International Energy Agency

Air Pollution Coal, oil and other fossil fuels produce pollutants and particulates

Energy Security Few suppliers to international markets Threats include supply disruptions and price instability

Climate Change IPCC report Human causes of global warming especially from burning fossil fuels

Climate Change IPCC forecastsignificant social disruption caused by rising global temperatures IPCC forecasts significant social disruption caused by rising global temperatures

Needed: Clean Alternatives to Fossil Fuels Research is showing us positive paths forward

Clean Energy Solutions: Transportation Sector Ethanol Hybrids Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Ethanol New research shows environmental benefits

Cellulosic Ethanol Feedstocks can be switchgrass, wood waste

Cellulosic Ethanol Source: Renewable Fuels Association

Hybrids

Plug-in Hybrids Promise 60 KM per charge – range of most commutes

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Produces only water and heat, not GHG

Clean Energy Solutions: Power Generation Clean Coal Carbon Capture and Sequestration Nuclear Energy Renewables

Clean Coal Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle – removes pollutants and some GHG

Carbon Capture and Sequestration Source: Energy Information Administration

Nuclear Energy Near Zero Emissions

Renewable Energy Cost Trends Levelized cents/kWh in constant $ Wind PV COE cents/kWh Biomass Geothermal Solar thermal COE cents/kWh Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office ( 1 These graphs are reflections of historical cost trends NOT precise annual historical data. Updated: October 2002

U.S. Support for Clean Energy Solutions More than $12 billion since 2001

“Twenty in Ten” Cutting U.S. Gasoline Consumption 20% by 2017

U.S. Industry Cooperation Big automakers promise 50% of products will be flex-fuel-ready by 2012

FutureGen Near-Zero-Emissions Coal Plants

International Partnerships --Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate --International Partnership for a Hydrogen Economy --Methane to Markets --Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum --Generation IV Nuclear Forum --International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)

The Future is Almost Here Experts believe that Cellulosic ethanol can be commercialized within 5 to 10 years Automakers expect to sell plug-in hybrids by 2012

A Strong Sense of Mission  “I would hope that Congress would move expeditiously on our plan to reduce gasoline usage by 20 percent over the next 10 years. It’s in our national security interest that we do this, it’s in our economic security interest, and it will help us be better stewards of the environment.”  President George W. Bush, March 26, 2007