WARM UP (WRITE ANSWER BELOW THE CHART I PASS OUT!) Historians have their own definitions of what it means to be “civilized”. QUESTION: In your own words, define what it means to be “civilized” and “uncivilized”? Making a chart would be best! Write your answer on the paper I provided!

Chapter 1 Section 3 PP 15-19 EQ: What elements define a civilization? Civilization Begins Chapter 1 Section 3 PP 15-19 EQ: What elements define a civilization?

EIGHT Features of Civilization The world’s first civilizations emerged primarily in fertile, warm and moist river valleys (Jordan, Nile, Indus, Niger, Huang He) Historians distinguish 8 features that classify a group of people as “civilized” #1: Developed Cities Cities are mostly planned, with large dwellings or other buildings, organized market areas, a religious center and other defined areas #2: Organized Government Means not just family leaders or chiefs, BUT people who rise to consolidate power and make decisions on behalf of the people Most claimed their rights came from the “heavens” or “gods” Became more complex as laws were written, taxes were collected, militaries and bureaucracies were established and territory expanded

EIGHT Features of Civilization #3: Complex religions Early man worshipped spirits and animals (NOT COMPLEX) Civilized man still worshipped these things, but gave them names and purposes and created rituals and ceremonies too People were mainly polytheistic (many gods) #4: Job Specialization Once people figured out farming only takes a few people, others began to turn their attention to making stuff Tool makers came first, then artisans (skilled craftworkers) who made clothes, pottery, jewelry, etc. #5: Social Classes Formed as hierarchies based on wealth…the more you had, the higher up the social ladder you were Priests and nobles were at the top in most societies, then merchants, then peasants, then slaves

EIGHT Features of Civilization #6: Arts/Architecture Expressions of society in the style of buildings constructed to the art on walls, pottery, sculptures, etc. Most represented religion (gods/goddesses) or important leaders #7: Public Works (Infrastructure) Irrigation systems, roads, bridges, defensive walls, food storage systems, even early police departments and banks #8: Writing Speaking is great, but if you didn’t have writing in the Neolithic Era, you WEREN’T civilized Writings first took the form of pictograms (simple drawings/images/symbols) Scribes were trained to use writing back then for record keeping for the highest members of society

For the remainder of time… CROSSWORD PUZZLE on the back! Answers are all throughout Chapter 1 Tomorrow & Monday: Film “Origins of Civilization” This sequel to “The First Farmers” will highlight an early civilization with all the features we just learned about and how its ideas spread to other peoples NEXT WEEK: A fun(ny) movie…focusing on “civilized vs. uncivilized” TEST NEXT FRIDAY (9/26) Themes of Geography Chapter One A REVIEW WILL BE HELD THURSDAY