1. Pre-History and Characteristics of Civilization
AP World History EVHS

2. Quiz!! The human species has existed for approximately how long?
Why do hunting and gathering groups tend to be small?
Why did people first develop rituals?
Name one discovery that facilitated the spread of groups throughout the world.
Name one benefit of metalworking.

3. 5 Stages of Hominids – Pre-History
Australopithecus – “southern ape”
“Lucy” (Johansen) Great Rift Valley – Ethiopia
diggers; lacked language, short, furry, omnivores
Homo Habilis – “handy man”
Louis and Mary Leakey – Kenya
Used stone tools; lacked complex language
Homo Erectus – “upright man” - bipedal
Not only in Africa but Asia and Europe
used complex tools and fire; first spoken language
Homo Sapiens – “wise man”
Neanderthal Man
Lived all over the world, religious rituals, advanced spoken language, cave painting, sculpting, identified by clans
Homo Sapiens Sapiens – “wise, wise man” – US!

4. The Journey of Mankind – The Peopling of the World

6. Eight Components of Civilization: 1. Cities
Agriculture allowed for a surplus (which was difficult to move)
River valleys: agriculture required a stable source of water

7. Eight Components of Civilization: 2. Government
Issues laws, collects taxes, organizes defense, monitors/rations food supply
Bureaucracy – managing government through departments of officials
Protecting the surplus was of the utmost importance

8. Eight Components of Civilization: 3. Religion
People believed in higher beings
Polytheistic – many gods
People wanted to gain favor with the gods

9. Eight Components of Civilization: 4. Writing
Crucial skill for early civilizations
Pictograms – simple drawings to show words
Scribes – as writing became complex these trained experts learned to read and write

10. Eight Components of Civilization: 5. Social Classes
People were ranked according to their jobs/occupations
Priests and nobles were at the top level of society
Next, came merchants, artisans, peasant farmers, and finally…..slaves.

11. Eight Components of Civilization: 6. Public Works
Monumental architecture – temples, palaces
Irrigation systems, roads and bridges
Defensive walls

12. Eight Components of Civilization: 7. Job Specialization
Specialization brought expertise
Artisans – skilled craft workers who made pottery or woven goods

13. Eight Components of Civilization: 8. Art and Architecture
Expressed the beliefs and values of people who created them
Temples and palaces reassured people of the strength and power of their government and religion

15. Developing a Thesis
Compare and contrast the social and economic characteristics of agriculturally based societies with hunter-gatherer societies.