1. Mr. Austin 8 th Grade Ancient History

2. Define the term “civilization”? In your opinion, what are some features of civilization?

3. Cities Well-organized governments Complex religions Job specialization Social classes Arts and architecture Public works writing

4. Cities emerged after farmer began cultivating lands along river valleys and producing a surplus of food What makes it?

5. Organized governments forms of government arose to oversee irrigation, and maintain large food supplies. Priests initially had the greatest power, eventually taken by warrior kings. What Makes It?

6. Complex Religion most people were polytheistic – belief in more than one god What Makes It?

7. Job Specialization Urban people developed so many new crafts that a single person could no longer master all the skills leading to artisans What Makes It?

8. Social Classes people were ranked according to their jobs, priests and nobles usually occupied the top level, a small class of wealthy merchants, artisans, bottom was peasant farmers (vast majority of people) What Makes It?

9. Arts and Architecture expressed beliefs and values of people who created them What Makes It?

10. Public Works strong rulers would order projects such as irrigation systems, roads, bridges, and defense walls What Makes It?

11. Writing early writings made of pictographs or simple drawings, as writing grew more complex only specialized people (scribes) could write What Makes It?