America’s Musical Landscape 5th edition PowerPoint by Brenda Leach Towson University Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll The Generation Gap Independence and rebellion among American youth Gap in communication between adolescents and their parents Shift in popular music; interest moving from instrumental music to song

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Gospel “Religious Blues” Descends from spirituals created in slave cultures Thomas Dorsey ( ) “Father of Gospel Music” Ray Charles Fusion of Gospel and Blues

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Rhythm and Blues Shared elements of Black Gospel Music including hand- clapping, call and response, melodic improvisation 1949 – “Billboard” magazine referred to black popular music as “rhythm and blues” Key Figures: Joe Turner “Boss of the Blues” ( ) Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton ( ) Doo-Wop

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Country Music Meets R & B Shared Characteristics: Rooted in the South Danceable Used guitar Frank lyrics Sung in dialects different from mainstream white urban population

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Birth of Rock and Roll Alan Freed: Disc jockey credited with coining the term “rock and roll” Bill Haley and His Comets ( ) Combined white western swing with black rhythm and blues Rock Around the Clock was the first international rock and roll hit

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Elvis Presley ( ) Rockabilly – Hybrid of rock and hillbilly Achieved an unprecedented degree of popularity “Heartbreak Hotel” (1956)

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Early Characteristics of Rock and Roll Accompanying instruments included amplified guitars, saxophone, trumpet Quadruple meter Danceable tempo

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll End of the First Era: Hard Times for Rock and Roll Elvis was drafted into the army Little Richard left R & R for some time Buddy Holly died in a plane crash Chuck Berry was arrested Jerry Lee Lewis was the focus of a scandal Payola investigations ( ) revealed evidence of bribing disc jockeys

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Surfing Music Surfing songs described relaxed life in CA Brian Wilson (b. 1942) formed the Beach Boys in the 1960s Pet Sounds: Influential theme album Good Vibrations: Best- selling single featuring non-traditional rock music sounds.

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Motown Formed by black songwriter, Berry Gordy Jr., to aggressively market black rock and roll Established in “motor town” – Detroit Motown groups included: Diana Ross and The Supremes The Temptations The Miracles

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll The British Invasion The Beatles were formed in Liverpool, England by John Lennon. Included Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr 1964 performance on Ed Sullivan Show in the USA Song I Want to Hold Your Hand led to Beatlemania

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Back to Black Rock Soul – “new blues” Aretha Franklin - “Lady of Soul” Ray Charles “Father of Soul” James Brown “God-father of Soul”

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Funk New expression of black consciousness Rooted in soul Interracial issues often the subject of lyrics Highly complex rhythms

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll From Rock and Roll to Rock Folk Rock Reflects the mood of protest Joan Baez Urban folk singer who intensified emotional nature of her songs Bob Dylan – Switched from urban folk to folk rock in Sang of personal rather than social problems.

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Acid Rock “psychedelic” rock Began in San Francisco in 1965 Attempted to reproduce sensations of someone under the influence of LSD Music was loud and distorted, causing emotional effects in the listener Shows featured special effects such as lighting and smoke

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Psychedelic Blues Janis Joplin ( ) White singer inspired by Bessie Smith and Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton Jim Hendrix ( ) Sang of despair and frustration, anger and violence Developed guitar techniques to astounding levels

© 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Part 4: A Diversity of Popular Musics Chapter 16: Rock and Roll Heavy Metal Sound of the late 1960s was inspired by Led Zeppelin Frenzied performances and distorted guitar sounds Theatrics dominated rock performances as in music by Alice Cooper