Access Prior Knowledge Lesson 5: How are Minerals Identified? Opening Activity Open Science textbook to page 276. Open Science workbook to page 90A to review home learning. Open Science folder to review vocabulary words and outline for the chapter. Open Science journal and answer the following questions: 1. How are mechanical and chemical weathering the same and different? Re view Content Cards and Q-Cards in bin, sharing with partners quizzing each other quietly. Log in to clickers using student ID number. Be ready to review home learning when timer goes off. Don't forget to write your home learning in your agenda page 92A.

1You can find minerals in the rocks and soil of Earth. Yes No Do you agree with the statement?

2All minerals have the same level of hardness. Yes No Do you agree with the statement?

3You can classify minerals by how shiny they look. Yes No Do you agree with the statement?

4Scientists have already identified every mineral that exists on Earth. Yes No Do you agree with the statement?

Properties of Minerals A mineral is a natural solid whose particles make a pattern. Soil and rocks are made of minerals. There are many different minerals. However, only a few dozen minerals make up most of the rocks on Earth. Every mineral has certain properties. Minerals can give off a sweet, earthy smell, or a rotten egg smell. Some minerals make tiny bubbles when they touch chemicals called acids.

Hardness: Some minerals are harder than others. The Mohs scale is used to tell how hard a mineral is. The scale rates the hardness of minerals from 1 to 10. Talc is the softest mineral. It has a hardness of 1. Diamonds are the hardest minerals. They have a hardness of 10. Magnetism: Some minerals have magnetic properties. Pyrrhotite and magnetite are minerals that are strongly magnetic. Luster: Luster is the way a mineral’s surface reflects light. A mineral’s luster can be glassy, earthy, metallic, waxy, silky, or pearly. Shape: Not all minerals have specific shapes. But pyrite, for example, is shaped like cubes. A mineral’s shape will cause the mineral to break in specific patterns. Streak: Scientists rub minerals on a hard, rough, white surface. This makes a powder. The color of the powder is a mineral’s streak. A mineral’s streak is usually different from the minerals outside color. Texture: Texture is how a mineral feels. A mineral’s texture might be sandy, sticky, smooth, or powdery. Properties of Minerals

Scientists record the properties of unknown minerals. Then they compare these observations to minerals they have already studied. Using Properties to Identify Minerals Mineral Identification

MatchQuest This mineral has a gritty texture and dull to glassy luster. It smells like a rotten egg and has a white streak. This mineral has a smooth texture, no smell, and a glassy luster. Its hardness is 4, and its streak is white. This mineral has a greasy texture and a pearly luster. Its hardness is 1, and it has a white streak. This mineral has a smooth texture and a pearly luster. Its hardness is 2.5, and it forms sheets. This mineral has a smooth texture, a hardness of 2.5, and leaves a white streak. Its luster is glassy. This mineral has a gritty texture and a metallic luster. It smells like garlic, has a hardness of 5.5 to 6, and it has a black streak. Florite Talc Sulfur Muscovite Halite Arsenopyrite Use the chart on page 284 to identify minerals.

TextQuest 1. What is a mineral? 2. What properties are used to identify minerals? 3. How is a mineral's streak determined? Don't forget to write your home learning in your agenda page 92A.