Using Other Peoples Research You need to use other peoples research to help justify your problem (LR) and research approach (RM) There is no magic to this The best way is to write in your own words what some else as said and than add a reference (Author (date)) CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research TopTips When Looking For Research Connecting and signposting words Comparing software and hardware (be consistent) CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research Interpreting other peoples research… not quoting Read what they have said Pick key facts (sentences) Writing these sentences in your own words Now add suggest, indicates, infers (not state) Now add the reference Smith (2014) CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research Negative 1 2 3 4 5 6 Positive Negative Positive CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research Abstract Two experiments investigated the reliability and validity of a continuous and various categorized (five, seven, 11) rating scales on two different tasks (involving attitude judgement and psychophysical judgement). Although subjects appeared to prefer the continuous scale, it did not offer any advantages in terms of reliability or validity. It is proposed that a relatively small number of categories (five or six) should generally be used because (a) the five-category scale was most reliable (at least on the attitude judgement task), (b) confidence judgements made by subjects using the continuous scale indicated that they were operating essentially with five or six categories, and (c) other evidence suggests that whereas there is no psychometric advantage in a large number of scale categories (greater than nine to 12), there may be a loss of discriminative power and validity with fewer than five. McKelvie, S.J., 1978. Graphic rating scales - How many categories? British Journal of Psychology, 69(2), pp.185–202. Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1978.tb01647.x [Accessed August 23, 2011]. CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research It is proposed that a relatively small number of categories (five or six) should generally be used because (a) the five-category scale was most reliable McKelvie (1978) suggested that a user response scale should consist of five points as this offered the most reliability, when assessing attitudes. CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research State: McKelvie (1978) suggested that a user response scale should consist of five points as this offered the most reliability, when assessing attitudes. However, McKelvie, does not consider the middle value problem. Explain\ describe: The middle value problem is when the response scale allows the respondent to provide a neutral response if they do not want to commit to a positive or negative response. SomeGuy (1988) found that respondents use the middle value to avoid committing to a positive or negative response when asked socially difficult questions. However, more recently Friedman and Amoo, (1999) suggested that move the middle values introduces bias and reduces data validity. CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research Compare and contrast: An alterative to the multipoint response scale is the response line or continuous response scale. Treiblmaier and Filzmoser (2010) suggests that the continuous response scale offers a greater reliability but does not avoid the middle value problem. However, given the population profile we need to consider the cultural differences to response scales. Herk et al (2004) found that ........ Justification: It is critical for the findings of this study that the respondents choice either a negative or a positive response. To ensure data reliability and validity of the overall conclusion of the report. The report will use a six point rating scale within the questionnaire forcing the respondent to chose either a positive or negative response but with a three point positive scale response. The cultural influences will be addressed by .... CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research Success Criteria Using the provided links find six facts (2 from each link) Copy each sentence into your word document Write each fact in your own words Now write two or three paragraphs which includes all six facts using your own words (using references … Author (date)). You much state, compare and contrast (connecting & Signposting) CREATE THE DIFFERENCE

Using Other Peoples Research http://dancampbell.co.uk/ Link 1) http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2000-12434-008 Link 2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20146096 Link 3) http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2333648 CREATE THE DIFFERENCE