AIM :- TO STUDY ABOUT STEAM POWER PLANT

INTRODUCTION A modern steam power station is highly complex and it requires numerous main equipments and auxiliary equipments. The important equipments of steam power station are 1.Steam Generating Equipment 2. Condenser 3.Prime mover 4.Water Treatment Plant 5. Electrical Equipment 1.Steam Generating Equipment It is an important part of steam power station and it is mainly concerned with the generation of superheated steam. I t includes items such as boiler, boiler furnace, super heater, economizer, air pre- heater and other heat reclaiming devices 1.1 Boiler is a closed vessel in which heat energy obtained by coal combustion is used to convert water into steam and it could be broadly classified into two (a)Water tube boilers (b) Fire tube boilers In a water tube boiler water flows through the 

SCHEMATIC BLOCK DIAGRAM

EQUIPMENTS ARE USED IN POWER PLANT 1.Steam Generating Equipment 2. Condenser 3.Prime mover 4.Water Treatment Plant 5. Electrical Equipment

(a) Water tube boilers (b) Fire tube boilers BOLIER Boiler is a closed vessel in which heat energy obtained by coal combustion is used to convert water into steam and it could be broadly classified into two (a) Water tube boilers (b) Fire tube boilers In a water tube boiler water flows through the tube and the hot gases produced by combustion flows over the tube there by heating it. But in the case of Fire tube boilers the combustion gases and other byproducts of

combustion flows through the tube surrounded by water combustion flows through the tube surrounded by water. Water tube boilers are more advantageous than fire tube boilers since it requires less space, smaller size of tubes and drums, high working pressure due to small drum, less chance of explosion techs we choose water tube boilers of large capacity in steam power stations. The pictures of boiler control board and water tube boiler is given below respectively

TURBINE The turbine generator consists of a series of steam turbines interconnected to each other and a generator on a common shaft. There is a high pressure turbine at one end, followed by an intermediate pressure turbine, two low pressure turbines, and the generator. As steam moves through the system and loses pressure and thermal energy it expands in volume, requiring increasing diameter and longer blades at each 

The steam turbine-driven generators have auxiliary systems enabling them to work satisfactorily and safely. The steam turbine generator being rotating equipment generally has a heavy, large diameter shaft. The shaft therefore requires not only supports but also has to be kept in position while running. To minimize the frictional resistance to the rotation, the shaft has a number of bearings. The bearing shells, in which the shaft rotates, are lined with a low friction material like  Babbitt metal. Oil lubrication is provided to further reduce the friction between shaft and bearing surface and to limit the heat generated.

SUPERHEATER A superheated is a device which superheats the steam i.e., it raises the temperature of steam above boiling point of water. This increases the overall efficiency of the plant. A superheated consist of a group of tubes made of special alloy steels such as chromium-molybdenum. These tubes are heated by heat of flue gases during their journey from the furnace to the chimney. The steam produced in the boiler is led through the superheated where it is superheated by the heat of flue gases. Superheated are mainly classified into two types according to the system of heat transfer from flue gases to steam viz.

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