TRUST (TRADE UNION VISION ON SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT) Conferences on “Transport and environment & Infrastructure financing and the role of states” Brussels, December 11-12, 2007 “Addressing Transport under Climate Change” by Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez Department of de Environment for Comisiones Obreras (CC.OO.), Spain

Social and economic importance of transport It boosts economic development and trade It links and joins regions 7% of employment in EU-25 (15 million jobs) “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Criteria on transport policies (1) Improvement of quality and safety of transport Development of an across- modality transport system To promote public and collective transport vs. private in urban areas Reviving railway systems and short sea shipping “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Criteria on transport policies (2) Internalizing environmental and social costs of transport steady and mainly public funding social participation in the definition of transport infrastructures and policies “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

External aspects of transport (social, economic and environmental) INFRAS and IWW studies on EU 17 (2000) External cost of transport in the EU 7,3% of GDP million euros (pollution, noise, climate change, accidents, urban impact and congestion) cars 43% trucks and lorries 34% air transport 14% railways 1,9% “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Environmental effects (1) air pollution (particles, COV, NOx, CO….) Greenhouse gases emissions (CO2…) noise water pollution (spillage and dumping, aquifers) “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Environmental effects (2) Effects on the territory and on human activity (barrier effect…) Biodiversity Landscape Occupation of soils “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Greenhouse gases emissions of transport in the EU “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Strategies to reduce emissions Changes in transport modalities Reduction in transport needs (new urban design, more local markets) Energy efficiency (integration of different public transport modalities, more efficient vehicles, efficient driving) Bio fuels and other alternatives “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Tools (1) Reorientation of policies on infrastructure towards less polluting options Mobility plans - urban - enterprise (workers and commodities) “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Tools (2) Environmental assessment of infrastructures and transport plans Taxation of transport (euros tamps, taxes on the use of infrastructures) Trade of emission rights Funding of public transport “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Climate change and employment CC will have a negative impact on employment in many sectors (agriculture, fisheries, tourism, infrastructures, industry….) CC mitigation measures will have impact on different sectors - negative impact (adequate transition measures are required) - positive impact “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Employment scenarios Study “Impact on the activity and employment of climate change and greenhouse gas mitigation policies in the enlarged EU” Coordinated by ETUC, with the participation of SYNDEX (France) I. Wuppertal (Germany) and ISTAS (Spain) Global reduction of emissions of 30-50% by 2030 in 4 sectors (energy, steel and cement industry, transport and construction) Dual approach: projection in different scenarios of measures, mitigation policies, case studies for 11 countries, and interviews. “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Conclusions The introduction of transport changes and reduction policies in public and railway transport Possibilities of increase in employment by %/ year in passengers - 1,25% /years in goods “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

See the full report on the results of the study at: “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

The Spanish experience on social dialogue meetings on Kyoto. Setting up of: - A general panel made up of a government group (Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Industry), employers and trade unions - National sector panels that include the federations affected by the National Plan on the Allocation of Emission Rights (Metal, cement ceramic, paper, glass, refineries and electricity) for the follow up of compliance with the Kyoto Protocol and in order to identify social and employment consequences to propose correcting measures. A sector panel for branches like transport and housing has been recently set up “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Work mobility Work is the main reason for urban movement (journeys) This must be an important line of trade union work The current transport model (in which the use of private cars prevails) has: - Environmental consequences - Effects on labour (traffic accidents, costs, stress, time) Due to scattered housing patterns and the relocation of companies in remote areas “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Criteria for trade union action Public and collective transport Refunding of travelling cards and transport expenses by the enterprise promoting “car pooling” and bicycles management of parking lots (car parks) telework “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)

Local and territorial experiences mobility plans for the enterprises - mobility reps in the enterprises - Specific trade union department (Catalonia) - Training on sustainable mobility SUSTAINLABOUR will organize a working session on urban mobility to work during the Bali (COP 13) conference “Addressing Transport under Climate Change”, Joaquín Nieto and Carlos Martínez (CC.OO.)