1 Access to Justice Data Research Data Centres & Real Time Remote Access Kathy AuCoin Chief Data Access and Data Development August 2013

New CANSIM Tables  March 2012 – 45 CANSIM tables  As of July 2013 –100+ CANSIM tables  Civil Courts data tables  Police Resources data tables – municipal level  Detailed Criminal Offences and Crime Severity Index by municipality 2

Additional CANSIM Tables 2013/2014  Legal Aid Data Tables  Additional Police Resources Data  Homicide by region  Intimate partner homicides  Hate Crime and Cybercrime data 3

Justice Files Files currently available in RDC & RTRA o Uniform Crime Reporting Incident Based Survey o Homicide Survey Additional files for RDC/RTRA by o Hate Crime Supplement o Integrated Criminal Courts Survey 4

Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Incident Based Survey  Measures the incidence of police reported crime in Canada  Close to 100% coverage, national, provincial, CMA and non CMA  UCR generates micro data for the purposes of examining characteristics of victims, accused and incidents 5

UCR Incident Based Survey  Captures data on more than 200 Criminal Code offences  Violent crime  Violations causing death, sexual & physical assaults, robbery, extortion, violations resulting in the deprivation of freedom  Property Crimes  Arson, break & enter, shoplifting, mischief  Other Crimes  Impaired driving, prostitution, possession of weapons, counterfeiting, violations resulting in the deprivation of freedom  Drug Related Crimes  Possession, trafficking, importation, production 6

Uniform Crime Reporting Incident Based Crime Survey  UCR Incident-based survey has 3 main files Incident file Accused file Victim file  Each file can be used independently or they can be linked – depending on the research question.  Significant number of records 7

8 How many years of data are available?  5 years of data RDC , 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 RTRA , 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012  Files can be used individually or combined  Increases N for small cells  NO TREND analysis  Population data included to produce rates

9 Potential Research Questions for UCR data  Intimate partner violence  Violence against children and youth  Youth crime – patterns, characteristics  Adult crime – patterns, characteristic  Temporal patterns of crime  Crimes involving weapons  Family verses non-family victimization

10 Potential Research Questions for UCR data (cont’d)  Gender differences – Offending  Gender differences – Victimization  Property crimes, CMA & non-CMA  Robbery crimes, CMA & non-CMA

11 Confidentiality Measures for the UCR RDC/RTRA files  Characteristics of individual incidents, accused or victims will not be disseminated to the public.  CCJS has developed confidentiality vetting guidelines specific to the UCR Survey to prevent the disclosure of sensitive information.  3 main steps taken to maintain confidentiality Excluded highly sensitive variables from file Aggregated sensitive response categories Developed disclosure rules

12 UCR Variables EXCLUDED from RDC/RTRA Files  Variables that identify Name of victim, accused Date of birth Fingerprint identifier of accused Incident file number  Variables with unknown or poor data quality Address, postal code, geo-code Aboriginal origin of accused/victim

13 UCR Variables INCLUDED on the RDC/ RTRA -- Incident Files  Location  school, institution, private dwelling, open area, streets  Time and Date of Incident  Occupancy  indicates whether the victim and accused were living together

14 UCR Variables INCLUDED on the RDC/ RTRA – Incident Files (cont’d)  Geography National, province/territory, CMA and Non CMA  Most Serious Weapon Present  Clearance Status

UCR Variables INCLUDED on the RDC/ RTRA – Accused & Victim Files ACCUSED FILE  Age  Sex  Date charges laid VICTIM FILE  Age  Sex  Relationship to the accused  Injury sustained  Weapon causing injury 15

 Incident Clearance Status E.g., death of a complainant, the suicide or death of the accused; accused to a mental hospital.  Incident Time Researcher must collapse the time into 6-hour intervals.  Sensitive violation codes Other sexual violations Terrorism Homicide 16 Aggregated Response Categories and Violation

Disclosure Risk Scores and Rounding  Produce outputs with confidentiality risk scores that are at or below the acceptable threshold. RDCs only  If confidentiality risk scores are too high: Remove potentially sensitive variable(s) from the output to reduce the overall score; and/or Aggregate potentially sensitive variable(s) from the output to reduce the overall score.  Apply a controlled rounding program applied to the output Automatically applied to RTRA outputs 17

RDC or RTRA RDC  Modeling, regression analysis  Descriptive analysis of violations with small counts  Confidentiality measures: Disclosure rules, based on scores and a cap or rounding RTRA  Descriptive statistics of offences that are common, large geography (i.e., national and provincial, CMA and non-CMA)  Confidentiality measures: Rounding program (base 5) 18

19 Rounding II OffenceActualRounded Attempted Murder1315 Aggravated Sexual Assault25 Sexual Assault with a Weapon1110 Sexual Assault Sexual Interference5455 Aggravated Assault - Level Assault Against Peace-Public Officer20 Aggravated Assault Against Peace Officer10 Abduction Under 14, by Parent/Guardian55 Robbery Criminal Harassment Indecent/Harassing Telephone Calls6365 Uttering Threat to Person Arson – Disregard for Human Life55 Other Violations against the person1215

UCR Incident Based Survey End-User Documentation  Developed from police scoring guides  Extremely detailed (403 pages)  User-friendly  Detailed confidentiality guidelines & vetting rules  Scoring guide  Rounding option  Aggregations  SAS coding examples  Variable definitions & descriptions  Many typos!!!! 20

Homicide Survey Files - RDC & RTRA  New pilot starting October 2013  Second attempt – 2009 pilot cancelled due to insufficient resources  Results from the first pilot were positive ease of use of data file, documentation and wealth of data/information  However data disclosure rules difficult to implement 21

Homicide Survey Pilot, 2013  Development of user-friendly disclosure rules to ensure confidentiality of data Because of small numbers Homicide Survey presents a unique challenge with regard to confidentiality  Approach for disclosure rules similar to UCR 22

23 Homicide Survey Disclosure Rules  Threshold table value: 7 Table scores>7 are not released  Maximum number of dimensions: 3  Variables deemed NOT sensitive (score 0): 10-year data National data Sex of victim, accused

What kinds of data are available from the Homicide Survey?  Data available from  3 Files – Incident, Victim, Accused  Detailed reporting on: Marital status Detailed location Drugs related homicide Precipitating crime Alcohol/ drugs consumed (accused or victim) Apparent motive Accused-victim relationship Cause of death 24

25 Potential Research Questions for Homicide data  Family related homicides  Intimate partner homicides  Temporal analysis  Firearm related homicides  CMA and non-CMA analysis  Precipitating factors

Pilot - Hate Crime File  Additional data file which is linked to the UCR Incident-based survey  File available several months after initial data collection  Police services determine if the criminal act was motivated by hate of: Race, age, sex, religion Sexual orientation, physical disability Language, color, nationality, ethnicity 26

Pilot - Integrated Criminal Courts Survey  Administrative records of cases before the courts  Provincial and territorial data  Variables include age, sex of individual before the courts  Count of decisions by charge  Types of decision, (guilty, probation)  Sentencing patterns 27

Research Questions Integrated Criminal Courts Survey  Case processing times  Elapsed time  Efficiency of the justice system 28

Questions? 29