© David Last Position, Navigation & Time - 4 th Annual Symposium Stanford University 9 November 2010 Crime, Punishment and the Global Positioning System.

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Presentation transcript:

© David Last Position, Navigation & Time - 4 th Annual Symposium Stanford University 9 November 2010 Crime, Punishment and the Global Positioning System Professor David Last

© David Last TomTom Car Navigator GPS receiver + Computer Picture:

© David Last Plot of addresses extracted from TomTom car navigator

© David Last Multiple timed and dated tracks

© David Last List of addresses extracted from TomTom car navigator

© David Last

Garmin eTrex hand-held GPS Picture:

Pictures: dreamstime.com, findarticles.com, masternaut.co.uk,

© David Last Vehicle tracking system

© David Last Vehicle tracking system Checks to establish quality of evidence

© David Last Picture: In high-quality tracking data, a moving vehicles fixes lie close to roads and are even biased to the left-hand carriageway.

© David Last Could this fix be 130 metres away?

© David Last How accurate is this GPS, then? Open site Open site Urban canyons Car roof Beneath car Car roof Max. error: 3.1m Max. error: 5.0m Max. error: 300m 95%-ile: 2.0m 95%-ile: 4.2m

© David Last

GPS and GSM Jammer Picture:

© David Last Picture: Professor Durk van Willigen GPS satellite radiates 100W From 20,000km range Illuminates 38% of Earth eg Europe + Africa + Atlantic

© David Last High-powered GPS and Mobile Phone Jammer Picture:

© David Last Pictures:

© David Last Pictures: GPS Spoofing … Jon used a desktop computer attached to a GPS satellite simulator to create a fake GPS signal … During later experiments, Jon … spoofed GPS signals at ranges over three quarters of a mile … at Los Alamos.

© David Last Pictures:

Picture: / British ship is sunk by Chinese in international waters. Clue is fake GPS signal controlled by techno-terrorist. Bond discovers GPS device - and wins the girl! © David Last

Options to mitigate jamming and spoofing Picture: Detect and enforce Lojack Cellular asset recovery Dead-reckoning Enhanced Loran

© David Last Pictures: Mitchell Narins, Federal Aviation Administration; Reelektronika bv Enhanced Loran (eLoran) On earth, high-powered Different from GPS but a plug-in replacement FAAs GPS complement for aviation + maritime + timing Loran-C plus digital technology

© David Last So … where are we headed? GPS evidence vital in vehicle crime Forensic use of GPS growing rapidly Evidence being tested in court GPS-based systems now under attack