1. © David Last AVCIS-IATTI Annual Conference Loughborough University 24 September 2014 GPS Tracking Evidence - Handle with Care! Professor David Last Picture: earthobservatory.nasa. gov//ewsroom/BlueMarble/

2. © David Last Pictures: www.garmin.com,www.bbc.co.uk/newswww.garmin.com GPS The Global Positioning System

3. © David Last TomTom Car Navigator GPS receiver + Computer Picture: www.tomtom.com

4. © David Last List of addresses extracted from TomTom car navigator

5. © David Last Plot of addresses extracted from TomTom car navigator

6. © David Last Picture: www.paraben.com, www.msb.com, www.forensicnavigation.com, www.blackthorn2.com, www.cellebrite.com

7. © David Last Picture: Audi Bedienungsanleitung englisch 1.05 254.562.742.20

8. © David Last Quality of evidence from satellite navigators At its worst … Nevertheless… List of addresses, but … No identity, no times or dates No route, no evidence of visit No specific vehicle Powerful leads Linked to other evidence

9. © David Last Quality of evidence from satellite navigators At its best … Name and home address Addresses in order, favourites Language and preferences Telephone numbers and calls and possibly …. Multiple timed and dated tracks

10. © David Last

12. http://articles.forensicfocus.com/2012/08/27/computer-analysts-and- experts-making-the-most-of-gps-evidence/

13. © David Last

17. GPS Tracking Evidence comes from: Law enforcement covert operations Employers Commercial tracking companies Motor insurance companies Criminals Pictures: www.vehicletrackingltd.co.uk, www.olmc.eu,blogs.guardian.co.uk

18. © David Last How accurate is it, then? Pictures: www.gral-gju.org/examples.php, dreamtimes “95% of GPS position measurements will lie within 5 metres of the true position”

19. © David Last GPS Tracking System on Vehicle

20. © David Last GPS Tracker using Text Messaging Pictures: www.amazon.co.uk, www.conrad-uk.com GPS Data Logger

21. © David Last

22. GPS Tracking Record

23. © David Last GPS Tracking Record Raw data: Data received:

24. © David Last GPS Tracking Record Raw data: Data received:

25. © David Last GPS Tracking Record Raw data: Data received:

26. © David Last GPS Tracking Record Raw data: Latitude 53.21476N Longitude 4.15263W Data received: Latitude 53.214 N Longitude 4.152 W

27. © David Last GPS Tracking Record Raw data: Latitude 53.21476N Longitude 4.15263W [World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) datum]

28. © David Last

30. http://www.professordavidlast.co.uk/cms_items/f20131120085500.pdf

31. © David Last AVCIS-IATTI Annual Conference Loughborough University 24 September 2014 GPS Tracking Evidence - Handle with Care! Professor David Last Picture: earthobservatory.nasa. gov//ewsroom/BlueMarble/