Lecture 3c 20 Jan 2014 Life Cycle Nutrition Adult Seniors

Adult Womens issues More prevalent in females are osteoporosis -80 % of cases autoimmune cases- 75 % of cases disproportionate number of cases of -diabetes mellitus -irritable bowel syndrome -psychiatric conditions (e.g. depression)

Adult Womens issues heart disease # 1 killer-estrogen delays onset of heart disease but post-menopausally when estrogen drops then females catch up in a hurry to men in terms of numbers of those with clinically significant heart disease -diet low in fat and saturated fat, rich in fruits and vegetables (7-8 servings daily) and whole grains and not excessive in whole calories combats heart disease in females

Adult Womens issues cancer- # 2 killer (lung, breast, then colorectal) -dietary reduction of cancer risk: -eat 7-8 servings of fruits and vegetables daily -phytoestrogens in soy believed to help though isoflavones in one animal study increased cancer rate obesity- apparently greater in females leading to greater risk of type 2 diabetes

Adult Men’s issues Shorter lifespan than females due to higher degree of risk taking- nutrition can do nothing about this fact At all ages 88 % more likely to die from heart disease 45 % more likely to die from cancer 18 % more likely to die from stroke 69 % more likely to die from pneumonia or influenza

Adult Men’s issues continued However heart disease and cancer are number 1 and 2 killers of all adults Heart disease -risk factors same as women

Adult Men’s issues continued Cancer -cancers of lower esophagus and lower stomach are rising and both are higher in men than in women -lower esophageal cancer apparently related to obesity and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables

Seniors (65 and older) -80 % of seniors have at least one of arthritis, hypertension, heart disease or diabetes -loss of lean body mass and increase in adipose tissue leading to progressive decrease in basal metabolic rate -loss of teeth, periodontal disease and decrease in jaw bone mass (osteoporosis), in some there is decreased saliva (may be medication related)

Seniors (65 and older) -increased constipation due to: decreased peristalsis secondary to: a) lost abdominal muscle tone, b) inadequate fluid and fibre intake, c) drug therapy, d) decrease in exercise

Seniors (65 and older) Central nervous system difficulties experienced include- dementia, tremors, slowed reaction time, personality changes and depression- consequences? Bladder issue-incontinence -sensory difficulties including decreased -hearing -visual acuity -olfactory -taste changes -thirst sense

Next lecture Diabetes