Trade between and among the classical civilizations

WOOLS, GOLD, SILVER, RELIGION Extended range of trade Combination of small regional trade China government support Epidemic spread Population decreased economy Culture exchange and accommodation Religions Technological innovations WOOLS, GOLD, SILVER, RELIGION Second Century B.C.E. HAN dynasty SILK WESTERN ASIA CENTRAL

Western part, include Rome India in the silk road Their role in Silk road Their most important exportation was the greatest Culture : Religion which is Buddhism and Hinduism Buddhist merchants observed their faith among themselves and explained it to others. From Oasis communities, Buddhism spread Buddhism spread north and southeast from India while Hinduism spread to southeast Asia Background- Decline of Mauryan dynasty Absence of imperial state Kushian empire and other state stablized society. Northern Indians were major traders. Nation China Western part, include Rome Exportation Importation Spices: Pepper, sesame oil Exotic: pearls, corals, ivory, cotton textiles Spices: cloves, nutmeg Silk, perfumes, magical potion, drugs Glassware, jewelry, artwork, perfumes, pottery, iron goods

Ji Yoon park “meditteranean region” *Mediterranean region: Greece, Roman Empire, Italy *Trade commodities: silk, spices, ginger, cinnamon, pepper, sesame oil, glassware, jewelry, works of art, pottery, olive oil, wine, iron tools, uncut gemstones *Interacting countries: China, southeast Asia, India, Arabia Italy: salt, olive oil, wine, wool fabrics, leather products, and glass for luxury goods *Wants: High-quality silk and fine spices *Who: merchants(social) Roman subjects such as Greeks, Jews, and Armenians (ethnical) *Trade Conduction: State visits, long-distance travel, overland camel trade

Chinese trade by silk road What did people in china trade through silk road? SILK AND SPICES WHO DID THEY TRADE WITH? WHO DID THE TRADING? CENTRAL ASIA/ ROMAN EMPIRE/ MEDITERREAN HOW WAS THE TRADE CONDUCTED? WHAT DID THEY TRADE WITH OTHER PLACES? GUNANGZHOU TO ROMAN EMPIRE AND CHANG’ AN TO INDIA ZHANG QIAN/ GANG YING/ MERCHANTS/ NOMADS/INDIVIDUALS Silk Road Maritime

Nomads Q1) What are nomads? Q2) What roles did nomads play in the Silk Route trade? Q1) What are nomads? “… in the oasis towns along the silk roads – notably, Merv, Bukhara, Samarkand, kashgar, Khotan, Kuqa, Turqan, and Dunhuang…” (Traditions and Encounters, 295) “Nomadic peoples from the steppes visited the oases regularly to trade animal products from their herds from grains and manufactured items… By the fourth century C. E., they throughout much of central Asia.” (Traditions and Encounters, 295) Nomads are people who: “moved back and forth between the same forest and grazing areas year after year.” (Stearns, 14) Spread Buddhism around the Silk Road 2. Encourage long-distance trade 3. Destroyed or created civilizations 4. Spread social & economical systems sponsored the spread of Buddhism During the silk road era, nomads in Europe – Asia followed the oases routes “ Nomands also , including the traffic along the Silk Road from western China to the Middle East … sometimes the … they usually had to ” (Stearns, 199) facilitated long-distance trade nomads captured of destroyed empires and civilizations and created their own successor states adopt the institutions, social arrangements, and economic practices of the settled peoples Yung Sakong Nomads

Religions Along the Silk road The silk road and the related trade routes Dunhuang Map of principal belief systems along the silk Road Buddhism Popular Religion Christianity Judaism Islam Adapting to the region and becoming a part of local religion or Remaining isolated within foreign communities Silk Road: Trade Route between western China through central central Asia to the Middle East and Mediterranean A formative and transformative rite of passage Thank You One of the biggest oasis cities Center of Buddhism as well Religions Along the Silk road

Diseases on Silk Roads-Yi young choi 1. Because trading meant interaction with others, most diseases were epidemic disesmallpox, measles, and epidemics of bubonic plagueases. Such as, 2. Rome(reign of Augusts): one quarter of population died China(400~600CE): By 400CE, 10million people died compared to 200CE. By 600CE, 5million people died compared to 400CE. Persian and India both were affected by epidemics, but relatively have unclear evidence. Black Death which originated from China, spread to Europe during the trade. Due to flea in the mice, it spread rapidly, killing one third of the population 3. It basically hindered the trade. Since the population of the region decreased, there was no one to trade with. Furthermore, in Black Death’s case, their has been an increase in the way peasants and urban workers were treated

Along the trade routes Maritime trade routes: The things that were traded along the routes: - Southeast Asia : spices, ginger -Han (China) : Silk, lacquer ware -Roman: gold, silver, wine, olive oil, glassware, perfumes -India: pepper, sesame oil, cotton textiles, pearls, coral, ivory -Central Asia: jades, strong horses Maritime trade routes: -Mostly in Eastern Hemisphere… -From southern China to the east and southeast: sea lane through the South China Sea -Busy in the routes that linked southeast Asia with Ceylon and India -From India to Persia and Arabia: sea lanes through the Arabian Sea ->provided important links