1. Interactive Notebook Setup
9/22/2017
Classical Era Trade Networks
This will be one page

2. Mediterranean Sea Trade
Silk Road Trade
Indian Ocean Trade

3. Mediterranean Sea Trade
Began to thrive in the 8th century BCE
Better suited for heavy and bulky items
Wine, olive oil and grain were mainstays of this network.
Other items of trade included timber, marble, glassware, perfumes, silver, spices and silk.

4. Mediterranean Sea Trade
In its early stage, merchants trading on these sea lanes were predominately from the city states of Phoenicia and the Greek peninsula
Phoenician City-State Carthage created its own Mediterranean Empire

5. Mediterranean Sea Trade
 During this Roman period, trade reached its peak
Roman Empire protected sea routes from pirates
Trade caused the diffusion of Greek and Roman culture across the Mediterranean

6. Indian Ocean Trade
Developed during the Indus River Valley, but wouldn’t become a dominant trade route until the 7th Century CE
Pepper, cotton textiles, and dye became lucrative commodities
New maritime technologies helped traders to adapt more efficiently to the dynamics of this trade route
The Dhow, a long slender boat with a lateen sail, became a common vessel for Indian Ocean trade.

7. Indian Ocean Exchange

9. Indian Ocean Trade Monsoons made Indian Ocean exchange possible
Blow predictably eastward in summer months
Blow predictably westward in winter months

10. Indian Ocean Exchange Not between countries Not between entire regions
IS between individual merchant towns rather than empires/regions

11. SILK ROAD TRADE
Developed during the 2nd Century BCE, when Han China opened trade with the West
Indirect chain of separate transactions through which goods crossed the entire land area of Eurasia
Merchants primarily engaged in local instances of "relay trade" in which goods changed "hands many times before reaching their final destinations

13. SILK ROAD TRADE Began because of environmental conditions
The soil in China lacks selenium, a deficiency that contributes to muscular weakness, low fertility, and reduced growth in horses. Consequently, Chinese-raised horses were too frail to support a mounted soldier rendering the Chinese military weak in the face of the powerful cavalries of the steppe nomads
Chinese emperors needed the superior horses that pastoral nomads bred on the steppes, and nomads desired things only agricultural goods could produce, such as grain, alcohol and silk

14. SILK ROAD TRADE
Invention of the stirrup, a small ring or strap that holds the feet of rider, allowed for much greater control of horse
With new technologies such as the stirrup and saddle, pack animals permitted humans to greatly increase their ability to trade, travel, and communicate.

15. SILK ROAD TRADE Moving goods by land is expensive and dangerous
Trade focused on luxury items that would bring a nice profit making the greater risks worthwhile.
Particularly important were luxury items with a high value to weight ratio. 
Goods traded included:
Silk, Spices/salt, craft goods, precious stones, ect

16. SILK ROAD TRADE
Oasis towns that connected segments of trade became centers of cultural diffusion
Mahayana Buddhism & Christianity spread rapidly, leap-frogging from oasis town to oasis town

17. SILK ROAD TRADE
Long-distance trade as resulted in areas seeing exposure to unfamiliar diseases
Smallpox, measles, bubonic plague
Athens ( BCE) = widespread epidemic; killed 25% of the army
Roman & Han Empires = measles and smallpox devastated both populations
Mediterranean World ( CE) = devastated by bubonic plague from India
Often lead to economic slowdown and slow move back to regional self-sufficiency

18. SILK ROAD TRADE
Romans, Gupta, and Han were centers of production and huge markets for goods
Empires laws and legal systems protected/ encouraged trade

19. MED. Trade
Indian Ocean Trade
Silk Road Trade