Evolution Review Game!!

Idea that life comes from nonliving things. – Ex: maggots come from rotting meat smsstem.blogspot.com

Abiogenesis or spontaneous generation

Idea that life comes from preexisting life – Ex: you come from your parents

Biogenesis

Who conducted the following experiment? 1.One set of jars with meat open 2.One set of jars with meat closed 3.Flies gathered on open meat and laid eggs 4.Maggots appeared only on open meat.

Francesco Redi

What did Redi’s experiment prove?

Maggots come from preexisting life smsstem.blogspot.com

Who conducted the following experiment? 1.Heated broth in goose neck flask 2.Let broth sit for days 3.Broth still clear 4.Broke neck off of flask 5.Broth turned cloudy with micorganisms

Louis Pasteur en.wikipedia.org

What was the conclusion of Pasteur’s experiment?

Biogenesis: Life comes from preexisting life

Any trace or remains of an organism that has been preserved by a natural process

Fossils

How are fossils used as evidence of evolution?

Comparing structure of fossils with present day organisms allow us to infer evolutionary relationships greaterancestors.com 2 pts

What type of rock are fossils found in?

Sedimentary

Do all organisms that die become fossils?

No Why? – Not in sedimentary rock – Decay quickly (rainforest) – Get eaten room42.wikispaces.com 4pts

Method of dating that uses fossils position in sedimentary rock

Relative dating

Law that says: – Since layers are deposited at different times, layers on the bottom are older than on top

Law of Superposition bumipunbercerita.blogspot.com

Method of dating that gives a precise age

Absolute Dating vle.whs.bucks.sch.uk

The use of decay of radioactive elements found in organisms to find their absolute age Ex: Carbon dating

Radioactive Dating

What is Half-Life?

How many years it takes for half of the amount of an element to decay

Suppose a radioactive element has a half-life of 10,000 years. If the original amount of the element in an organism is 18g, how old is the organism if the amount of the element is currently 9g? 10,000 years old

What if there was only 4.5g left? 20,000

What are the two types of evolution?

Geological Evolution: the evolution of the Earth itself Organic Evolution: the evolution of living things 2 pts

Name 3 pieces of evidence that supports evolution.

Fossils Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Similarities in Embryology Darwin’s Finches Antibiotic Resistance Pesticide Resistance Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria 3 pts

Whose explanation of evolution was correct?

Darwin book.pdfchm.net

Describe Natural Selection.

Individuals survive that have inherited traits adapted to their environment. 1 pt

Use Lamarck’s explanations to explain why crabs have large claws io9.com

Tendency towards perfection: Crabs want big claws Use and disuse: Crabs use their claws a lot so they got big Acquired characteristics: Crabs passed on the large claw trait to their offspring

Use Darwin’s explanations to explain how crabs got large claws.

Overproduction: too many crabs Competition/struggle: large fish Genetic variation: some crabs had large/med/small claws Survival of the fittest/Natural Selection: the large claw gave those crabs a better chance of surviving to adulthood to reproduce and therefore passing on their “large claw” gene to offspring EVOLUTION!!!! After several generations the species change and become better adapted to their environment 5 pts

What is a gene pool?

All genes in a population

What is a population?

Groups of interbreeding individuals that live in the same place at the same time

What does this picture represent?

Homologous structures

What is a vestigial structure and give an example.

Structures that no longer function or function less than in an ancestor, but are present because they are left over from an ancestor Ex: tailbone in humans, appendix in humans, wisdom teeth in humans, toe on a boa 2 pts

What organism is most closely related to the fish?

The salamander.

Explain how Darwin’s finches are used as evidence for common ancestry.

There are 13 species of finches on the Galapagos that descended form 1 common ancestor form the mainland of South America. Similar because inherited similar DNA from common ancestor, different because environmental pressures cause natural selection 3 pts

What caused a change in the genetics to make some bacteria resistant to antibiotics?

A mutation

*Be sure you can use Darwin’s explanations to describe this process!!

Suppose you were living in tropical Africa. Would you rather be Homozygous dominant for the sickle cell gene, Heterozygous for the sickle cell gene, or homozygous recessive for the sickle cell gene? Why?

Individuals heterozygous for the trait are resistant to malaria and therefore have a better chance of surviving to reproduce AA- does not have sickle cell, NOT resistant to malaria Aa- does not have sickle cell, resistant to malaria aa- has sickle cell anemia, resistant to malaria 2pts

Natural selection depends on what?

Variation Struggle Survival of the “fittest” 3pts

Natural Selection is based on the laws of ____________.

Laws of GENETICS!! GENES!!!!!!!!!!!! 3pts (because I love genes!!)

Explain crossing over yahoosports.tumblr.com

Crossing over is the exchange of genes form one homologous chromosome to another

What is the only source of a new gene type?

Mutation simpsons.wikia.com

What are two methods of isolation? Give examples

Geography  Ex rivers or mountains Reproduction  Mate at different times or places 4 pts

How is isolation a source of genetic variation?

The isolated population may have different environmental pressure and therefore different genes may be selected for. 2 pts

Isolation often leads to speciation. What is speciation?

The development of a new species 1 pt

How new species can emerge: _________→ _________→ __________→ _________

Genetic variation → environmental change→ natural selection→ new species 4 pts

Those species that produce many "cheap" offspring and live in unstable environments

R-selection 1 pt

Give an example of an organism that exhibits k-selection

Elephants, monkeys, humans

e7xavierbiology.wikispaces.com

Is gradualism faster or slower than punctuated equilibrium?

Slower 1 pt

When a single species or small group of species evolves into many different forms

Adaptive Radiation 1 pt

What type of evolution describes: Grizzly bears and Polar bears have a common bear ancestor, but different climates selected for different climates selected for different variations nickolaylamm.com

Divergent Evolution 1 pt

Unrelated organisms have similar traits due to similar environments

Convergent Evolution 1 pt

What type of selection does this graph describe?

Directional 1 pt

What type of selection results in species having both extremes of a trait; can lead to speciation

Disruptive Selection 1 pt

Average birth weight is an example of what type of selection?

Stabilizing Selection 1 pt

This PowerPoint can be viewed at a video at: