Dante’s Inferno An exciting journey through all the circles of Hell

Abandon all hope, ye who enter here “Hell has enlarged its soul and opened its mouth without any limits.” - Isaiah 5:14

The Seven Deadly Sins (Saint Thomas Aquinas) Lust Gluttony Avarice Sloth Anger Envy Pride

Three Types of Sin Three Types of Sin (Dante Alighieri) (Level 1) Incontinence (Level 1) Lack of self control (Level 2) Violence (Level 2) will Conscious violation of God’s will (Level 3) Fraudulent and Traitorous (Level 3) Using reason and intellect as a weapon

VESTIBULE: Neutrals and Opportunists, indecisive, no real beliefs, those who don’t choose sides VESTIBULE: Neutrals and Opportunists, indecisive, no real beliefs, those who don’t choose sides CIRCLE #1—LIMBO: Virtuous Pagans and Unbaptized Babies CIRCLE #1—LIMBO: Virtuous Pagans and Unbaptized Babies CIRCLE #2: Carnal and Lustful CIRCLE #2: Carnal and Lustful CIRCLE #3: Gluttons CIRCLE #3: Gluttons CIRCLE #4: Hoarders and Wasters CIRCLE #4: Hoarders and Wasters CIRCLE #5: Wrathful and Sullen or Slothful CIRCLE #5: Wrathful and Sullen or Slothful

The First Circle Limbo Virtuous pagans & unbaptized infants Virtuous pagans & unbaptized infants Homer, Socrates and Plato Homer, Socrates and Plato “Only so far afflicted that without hope” they “live in desire” (4.42) “Only so far afflicted that without hope” they “live in desire” (4.42)

The Second Circle The Lustful The Lustful Minos sits in judgment Minos sits in judgment Blown about forever by stormy winds just as, in life, they were blown about by the winds of passion Blown about forever by stormy winds just as, in life, they were blown about by the winds of passion

Paolo and Francesca lust and the false God of Love Circle Two

Guido I da Polenta had been at war with the Malatesta family.Guido I da PolentaMalatesta family When a peace was negotiated, Guido wanted to solidify it by marrying his daughter Francesca to the Malatestan heir, Giovanni Malatesta (Gianciotto), son of Malatesta da Verucchio, lord of Rimini.Giovanni MalatestaMalatesta da VerucchioRimini Giovanni was brave but deformed. Guido knew Francesca would refuse Giovanni, so the wedding was performed by proxy through Giovanni's handsome brother, Paolo,weddingproxyPaolo Francesca fell in love with Paolo and was unaware of the deception until the morning after the wedding day. According to Dante, Francesca and Paolo were seduced by reading the story of Lancelot and Guinevere, and became lovers.LancelotGuinevere Subsequently they were surprised and murdered by Giovanni before they were able to repent. However, it is likely that the adultery was much more calculated. Both Francesca and the also-married Paolo had their own children. Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (1255– 1285) was the daughter of Guido da Polenta, lord of Ravenna.Guido da PolentaRavenna She was a historical contemporary of Dante Alighieri, who portrayed her as a character in the Divine Comedy.Dante AlighieriDivine Comedy

The Third Circle The Gluttons

Guarded by Cerberus Wallow in mud and muck Besieged by hail & filthy water The Third Circle

The avaricious and the prodigal Avaricious (greedy) Prodigal (wasteful) Useless Labor The Fourth Circle

The Fifth Circle The Wrathful, Sullen, or Slothful The Wrathful, Sullen, or Slothful Attacking one another Attacking one another

City of Dis Boundary between upper and lower Hell.

CIRCLE #6: Heretics CIRCLE #6: Heretics CIRCLE #7.1: Violence Against Neighbors CIRCLE #7.2: Violence Against Oneself (Forest of the Suicides) CIRCLE #7.1: Violence Against Neighbors CIRCLE #7.2: Violence Against Oneself (Forest of the Suicides) CIRCLE #7.3.1: Violence Against God CIRCLE #7.3.2: Violence Against Nature (Homosexuals) CIRCLE #7.3.1: Violence Against God CIRCLE #7.3.2: Violence Against Nature (Homosexuals) CIRCLE #7.3.3: Violence Against Art CIRCLE #7.3.3: Violence Against Art MALABOLGIA MALABOLGIA

Descent into lower Hell: Circle 6: Heresy atheists & Non- believers in the afterlife

Circle Violence against God, his creations, and self Circle 7: Violence against God, his creations, and self

Piero delle vigne Violence Against Self

Forest of the suicides

TheSodomites violence against nature male homosexuality

Ugolino and Ruggieri Violence

The Malbolge “Bad Pockets” Entry to lowest levels of Hell – for those who use their God- given intellect to distort the truth: Fraud Fraud Treachery Treachery

Circle 8: Fraud CIRCLE #8.1: Pimps, Panderers, and Seducers CIRCLE #8.1: Pimps, Panderers, and Seducers CIRCLE #8.2: Flatterers CIRCLE #8.2: Flatterers CIRCLE #8.3: Simonists (Users of the Church) CIRCLE #8.3: Simonists (Users of the Church) CIRCLE #8.4: Fortunetellers and Soothsayers CIRCLE #8.4: Fortunetellers and Soothsayers CIRCLE #8.5: Grafters CIRCLE #8.5: Grafters CIRCLE #8.6: Hypocrites CIRCLE #8.6: Hypocrites CIRCLE #8.7: Thieves CIRCLE #8.7: Thieves CIRCLE #8.8: Evil Counselors and Deceivers CIRCLE #8.8: Evil Counselors and Deceivers CIRCLE #8.9: Sowers of Discord/Scandal/Schism CIRCLE #8.9: Sowers of Discord/Scandal/Schism CIRCLE #8.10: Falsifiers CIRCLE #8.10: Falsifiers

CIRCLE #8.1: Pimps, Panderers, and Seducers pan·der·er n. 1. A sexual procurer. 2. One who caters to or exploits the lower tastes and desires of others.

CIRCLE #8.2: Flatterers

The Simonists CIRCLE #8.3:

CIRCLE #8.4: Fortunetellers and Soothsayers

CIRCLE #8.5: Grafters CIRCLE #8.5: Grafters “the acquisition of gain (as money) in dishonest or questionable ways; also: illegal or unfair gain”

CIRCLE #8.6: Hypocrites CIRCLE #8.6: Hypocrites

CIRCLE #8.7: Thieves CIRCLE #8.7: Thieves

CIRCLE #8.8: Evil Counselors and Deceivers

CIRCLE #8.9: Sowers of Discord/Scandal/Schism

Ulysses CIRCLE #8.10: Falsifiers CIRCLE #8.10: Falsifiers

traitors CassiusBrutus Judas

CIRCLE #9.1 - CAINA: Treachery to Kindred CIRCLE #9.1 - CAINA: Treachery to Kindred CIRCLE #9.2 - ANTENORA: Treachery to Country or Political Party CIRCLE #9.2 - ANTENORA: Treachery to Country or Political Party CIRCLE #9.3 - TOLOMEA: Treachery to Guests CIRCLE #9.3 - TOLOMEA: Treachery to Guests CIRCLE #9.4 - JUDECCA: Treachery to Lords or Superiors CIRCLE #9.4 - JUDECCA: Treachery to Lords or Superiors LOWEST LEVEL OF HELL: The worst of those who betrayed their benefactors LOWEST LEVEL OF HELL: The worst of those who betrayed their benefactors ~Satan, Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius (Macbeth?)