Pelatihan : Techniques in Active Tectonic Study Juni 20-Juli 2, 2013 Instruktur: Prof. J Ramon Arrowsmith (JRA) Dari Arizona State University (ASU) - US Tempat Pelaksanaan: Ruang Pangea, Laboratorium Gempabumi (LabEarth) – Puslit Geoteknologi LIPI dan Kuliah lapangan akan dilakukan disekitar Sesar Lembang, Jawa Barat. * Lebih jelas baca TOR/KAK dan daftar acara

Subduction I: Japan 2011 earthquake Outline of this lecture Seismicity Seismic waves Displacements on land and seafloor Source models Seismic coupling Comparison with other events

March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan M9.0 Earthquake

Magnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN Friday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off its northeastern coast Friday March 11, This is one of the largest earthquakes that Japan has ever experienced.. USGS Part of houses swallowed by tsunami burn in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture (state) after Japan was struck by a strong earthquake off its northeastern coast Friday, March 11, New York Times In downtown Tokyo, large buildings shook violently and there was severe flooding due to a tsunami generated by the earthquake.

Tsunami waves swept away houses and cars in northern Japan and pushed ships aground. The tsunami waves traveled far inland, the wave of debris racing across the farmland, carrying boats and houses with it. Houses were washed away by tsunami in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture in eastern Japan, after Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the northeastern coast. New York Times Magnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN Friday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC The tsunami, seen crashing into homes in Natori, Miyagi prefecture. AP

March 25, 2011 estimates: 10,066 people confirmed dead and 17,443 people are reported missing >$300B economic losses

Seismicity of northern Japan since

Foreshocks, Mainshock, Aftershocks Movie 2.5

Japan 2011 Aftershocks

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Aftershock (and Foreshock) Sequence, 03/08/ /16/11

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Aftershock (and Foreshock) Sequence, M:Time History

Simple view of the seismic wave propagation

Simple view of the seismic wave propagation

Seismic wave propagation

Seismic wave propagation

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Shaking Duration in Tokyo, Ground Acceleration 1g = 9.8e+002 gal +/-17%g

6 minutes Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Shaking Duration in Tokyo, Ground Velocity

Videos from Tokyo and nearby 50yY –EEW works! 50yY veb0 –train stopped veb0 BGY –Tokyo skyscrapers swaying BGY /13/more-unique-perspectives-of-the-8-9- quake/

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Finite Fault Model USGS V1 - 7 hrs after OT Compact rupture, mostly bilateral about epicenter, peak slip up dip of hypocenter. Rupture was likely restricted to the shallow trench, and GPS vectors suggest slip did not reach the plate boundary beneath the coastline. Peak slips closer to 40+ m, inferred from updated modeling. Box is 580 km long and 190 km wide Zone of main slip is 300 km long and ~150 wide M 0 = mu*A*u_bar -mu = 30 GPa (3x10 10 N/m 2 ) -A is surface area that slipped (m 2 ) [width x length] -u_bar is the average slip in meters japan = mu.*500.*km.*200.*km.*11 = e+022 Nm japan_mw=(2./3).*log10(japan)-6 =

M Simons et al. Science 2011;332:

Evolving displacement field

acquired February 26,

Coastal inundation and permanent subsidence (?) acquired March 12, 2011

Sato, et al., 2011

M Simons et al. Science 2011;332:

USArray Dense Euro Backprojection of seismic energy to source

Ide, et al., 2011

Coulomb calculation

Lay and Kanamori, 2011

Ando and Imanishi, 2011 Foreshock-Mainshock linkage

Lay and Kanamori, 2011

Japanese subduction zone segmentation and hazard assessment: Expectation was for individual patches to rupture (M~8—consistent with historic behavior). Tsunami hazard was based on last few centuries record. ishincategory.pdfhttp:// ishincategory.pdf modified: u.ac.jp/kojiok/110311EQ/HERPmapwithnotes1.pdfhttp://home.hiroshima- u.ac.jp/kojiok/110311EQ/HERPmapwithnotes1.pdf

Subduction I: Japan 2011 earthquake Outline of this lecture Seismicity Seismic waves Displacements on land and seafloor Source models Seismic coupling Comparison with other events