ADVANCES IN PHOTOVOLTAICS Michaela Fladerer, Barbara Florian, Stefanie Hatzl, Martina Sukitsch

Table of content TEAM: Manuela Fladerer Barbara Florian Stefanie Hatzl Martina Sukitsch  What is Photovoltaics?  Research & Development  PV Applications  Relevance of PV  Market potential

Convert solar energy into electricity into electricity Photovoltaics – Technology How it works … How it works …

Research & Development

Solar cells  Silicon  mono-crystalline silicon cells (sc-Si)  poly-crystalline silicon cells (mc-Si)  Thin film  Amorphous (a-Si) and micromorph silicon (a-Si/ μ c-Si )  CIS/CIGS (Copper-Indium-Gallium-Diselenide)  Cadmium-Telluride (CdTe)  Organic and other new technologies

Photovoltaics Systems  Grid connected installations  Off-grid systems

Photovoltaics – Applications

PV in everyday life  Building integrated PV (BIPV)  Noise barriers  Disaster relief  Telecommunication devices  Alarm and control systems  PV in medical applications  Electricity for rural and as well protected areas  Street lightning  Parking meters  …

Relevance of PV

Relevance for the environment No air pollution No GHG-Emissions Clean Energy payback Manufacturing and production implications Disposal and Recycling

Advantages and Disadvantages Little Maintenance, Reliability Energy self-sufficiency No fossil fuels Serve form and function Integrated PV panels Chance for developing countries Creates jobs Costs Storage Area and Aesthetics PROSCONS

CO 2 -Reduction potential  PV produces clean electricity  Assumption: in 2050, PV generation of 4,500 TWh  CO 2 -Reduction: 2.3 Gt of CO 2 -emissions per year worldwide CO 2 -savings (FRANKL et al )

 A global overview  Austria  India  Brazil  China The PV-Market

Global PV-market 2008  Leading country – Germany: 14,500 MW of PV (36%)  Total PV capacity in 1992 – 0.1 GW  in 2008 – 14 GW  In GW were installed worldwide Leading global Photovoltaic markets (FRANKL et al ) MARKETBUZZ

Austria  Open BIPV potential : 140 km² roof and 50 km² facade  60% of that surface  22.5 GWp  Covering 20% of Austrians need of electricity in Kumulative PV-power in kWpeak in Austria (BIERMAYR et al., 2009) Installed capacity in 2008:  kWp (grid- connected)  kWp (off-grid)

Rapidly growing PV-markets  Brazil  PV in rural electrification, telecommunication, water pumping, public lighting in rural areas  Grid-connected PV systems (22 kWp)  Programmes: PRODEEM, Luz para Todos, INMETRO  India  Capacity in 2008: 1.9 MW stand-alone systemes 2.7 MW grid-connected systems  „National Solar Mission“ target: 20 GW generation of PV-electricity by 2020  PV systems: rural, remote area and industrial (FRANKL et al., 2010) (PV Group, 2009)

Rapidly growing PV-markets  China  Ranks 1st in exporting PV cells (95% of produced cells)  Domestic PV-output grew from 100 MW (2005) to 2 GW (2008)  Chinas installed capacity is 150 MW increasing market share for communications, commercial and industrial uses Large-scale PV installations in desert areas and BIPV systems  China could predictly install 20 GW by 2020 (FRANKL et al., 2010)

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