Chapter 1 Section 5 Objectives 1.Explain how the new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe 2.Understand the new scientific method and how it developed 3.Analyze the contribution that Newton and other scientists made to the Scientific Revolution

Math Math – Governs the laws of the universe Geocentric Geocentric – Earth centered universe – Taught by Aristotle and Ptolemy Ptolemaic System Ptolemaic System The system believed by the church The system believed by the church Heliocentric Heliocentric – Sun centered universe – Nicolas Copernicus Polish Mathematician Polish Mathematician Sun at the center Sun at the center – Earth is one of 7 planets that orbit it

Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe – Danish Astronomer – Provided evidence for Copernicus’ Theory – Accumulated data for years about the movements of the sky Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler – German Mathematician – Used Brahe’s information Calculated the orbits of the planets Calculated the orbits of the planets Came to the conclusion that they were elliptical Came to the conclusion that they were elliptical

Galileo Galileo – Created the telescope What he was able to see: What he was able to see: – 4 moons of Jupiter – Craters on the Moon – Sunspots – Tried before the Inquisition about his claims – Sentenced to house arrest He agreed to state publically that the Earth stood motionless in the middle of the Universe. He agreed to state publically that the Earth stood motionless in the middle of the Universe. – Legend has it that as he left the court, he said “And yet it moves.”

Rene Descartes Rene Descartes – French Philosopher Rejected Aristotle Rejected Aristotle – Believed that human reasoning is the best road to understanding Doubt Doubt – The only thing that he could question – In order to doubt something, one must exist as a rational, thinking being – “I think therefore, I am.”

Francis Bacon Francis Bacon – English Scientist Created Scientific Method Created Scientific Method – Collect Data – Explain a Hypothesis » Possible explanation of something – Test the Hypothesis Robert Boyle Robert Boyle – Alchemist Science of turning ordinary metal into Gold Science of turning ordinary metal into Gold – His work helped with the modern chemical analysis of the composition of matter

Isaac Newton Isaac Newton – Wrote Principia Laws of Motion Laws of Motion – All of which can be derived from Mathematics Gravity Gravity – Keeps Planets in motion Calculus Calculus – Created by Newton » Used to describe his laws of motion