DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Environmental impacts of European consumption and production patterns Highlights from ongoing EEA – ETC/RWM analysis based on NAMEA Pawel Kazmierczyk DIMESA meeting, Copenhagen 17 June 2008

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Background –Policy context: increasing focus on Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) –The analysis builds on regular data work carried out by Eurostat and national statistical offices –Part of the joint work programme Eurostat-EEA –Upcoming EEA report: “Environmental impacts of European consumption and production patterns” (2 nd half of 2008)

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Objectives: –Analyse European consumption and production patterns –Pinpoint environmental ‘hot spots’ in the economy –Identify potentials for improvements and priorities for policy intervention Separately examined are the production perspective and the consumption perspective

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Methodology & Data Environmentally extended Input-Output analyses (EE-IOA) …based on NAMEA (National Accounting matrices including Environmental Accounts) NAM: monetary Input-Output tables (Eurostat) EA: data on air emissions (Eurostat, national statistical institutes); data on material inputs (Eurostat) –Global Warming (GWP): CO2, N2O, CH4 –Acidification (ACID): SOx, NOx, NH3 –Tropospheric Ozone Formation (TOFP): NOx, NMVOC, CO, CH4 –Domestic Extraction Used (DEU) Time series: EU-25: ; EU-8: 1995, 2000 (data limitations)

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Production perspective Direct pressures from national production for domestic use and export + from households Can be drawn directly from NAMEAs resource extraction resource extraction emissions exports All production in country A Environment Domestic use Domestic use

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Production perspective A small number of industries account for some 50-80% of total production-related environmental pressures: –agriculture, –electricity supply, –transport, –basic manufacturing Production-related environmental hot spots are already fairly well researched / known While they have been successfully tackled by a wide range of environmental policies, it is open to debate whether these will be sufficient in the long term (consumption growth outstrips efficiency gains)

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Consumption perspective Direct pressures from national production & households minus Pressures embodied in exports plus Pressures embodied in imports Requires complex manipulation of NAMEAs Exports UNIQUE IS THE CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Pressures from consumption in more detail such pie charts available also for TOFP and ACID

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Consumption – priority areas Three priority consumption areas account for about 2/3 of overall pressures: 1.Eating & drinking 2.Housing & infrastructures 3.Transport of persons & goods (these results are consistent with the results of JRC’s EIPRO studies and with the conclusions of most national studies) Note that today each one of these consumption areas ALONE accounts for about 2-3 tonnes of GHG emissions per capita. Contrast this with IPCC goal to cut GHG emissions industrialised countries by 80% by 2050, reducing the TOTAL to about tonnes per capita

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008

Eating & drinking (ca. 2 t CO 2 -eq. GHG/cap)

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Eating & drinking (ca. 2 t CO2-eq. GHG/cap)

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Eating & drinking (e.g. DE,2000) Chain analysis for food products: agriculture is the most important stage

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Eating & drinking Potentials for improvements: Change in diets: less animal products (e.g. beef meat, dairy products) Less food waste: approx. 1/3 of food is wasted; reducing food waste implies less production-wide pressures Efficiency gains in production: –agriculture (less fertilizer, manure management), – limited, given current production-mix –food processing industry (less electricity use) Efficiency gains in storing and preparing food in retail sector, restaurants, private households ! !

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008

Housing & infrastructures (ca. 2.6 t CO 2 -eq. GHG/cap)

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Housing & infrastructures Potentials for improvements: Heating of buildings; hot water: e.g. through thermal insulation, use of solar-thermal techniques Efficiency gains in production of building materials (including switch in building materials) Decreasing net increase of stock: less new infrastructures and buildings Reversing the ongoing trends: bigger flats and bigger malls and office buildings !

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008

Transport of persons and goods (ca. 1,9 t CO 2 -eq. GHG/cap)

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Transport of persons & goods Potentials for improvements: Fuel efficiency of vehicles Efforts/incentives to slow down growth in transport (in particular private transport) Changed modal split ! !

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Some overall conclusions European pressures are unsustainably high. Emissions of greenhouse gases in industrialized countries need to be reduced by 80% by 2050 (IPCC). Achieving such high reduction targets will require radical changes in EU consumption and production patterns. This goal cannot be achieved through efficiency gains in production chains alone - changes in lifestyles will be necessary.

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Some overall conclusions So far, majority of environmental policies have addressed production, with considerable success Since the 1990s, decoupling occurred in many instances related to air emissions However, most of it was thanks to improvements in eco-efficiency in the production chains, and not due to a move towards more sustainable consumption patterns In addition, technical potentials to improve environmental efficiency of production are limited (e.g. steel, cement etc.).

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Future development potential NAMEA-based analyses of the consumption perspective provide first insights on where policy could place additional levers continuing the EE-IO analyses to extend country & time coverage currently only based on 8 countries and 1995/2000 data (depends on data availability at Eurostat and member states) Exploring in more detail priority consumption areas (this would require approaches going beyond NAMEA)

DIMESA presentation 17 June 2008 Thank you !