1.Pareto Analysis 2.Fish Diagram 3.Gantt Chart 4.PERT Diagram 5.Job/Worksite Analysis Guide

Pareto Diagram When is it used and what results will be obtained? Please refer to the table on next slide for the usage and benefits of a Pareto diagram. It is mainly used to prioritize matters, and because of its easiness of use, the diagram is used in a wide variety of fields.

Used to prioritize actions.(Used during phases to monitor the situation, analyze causes, and review effectiveness of an action.)  Used to identify and prioritize a problem.  Used to review the effects of an action taken.  Allows clarification of important tasks.  Allows identification of a starting point (which task to start with).  Allows projection of the effects of a measure to be taken Method UsageResult Pareto Diagram

Cause & Effect Diagram 1. What is Cause & effect Diagram ? A cause and effect diagram is “a fish-bone diagram that presents a systematic representation of the relationship between the effect (result) and affecting factors (causes).” Solving a problem in a scientific manner requires clarification of a cause and effect relationship, where the effect (e.g., the result of work) varies according to factors (e.g., facilities and machines used, method of work, workers, and materials and parts used). To obtain a good work result, we must identify the effects of various factors and develop measures to improve the result accordingly.

Cause & Effect Diagram When is it used and what results will be obtained? A cause and effect diagram is mainly used to study the cause of a certain matter. As mentioned above, the use of a cause and effect diagram allows clarification of causal relation for efficient problem solving. It is also effective in assessing measures developed and can be applied to other fields according to your needs.

 Can obtain a clear overall picture of causal relation. (A change in the cause triggers a variation in the result.) ○ Can clarify the cause and effect relationship.  Can list up all causes to identify important causes.  Can determine the direction of action (countermeasure). Method UsageResult Cause & Effect Diagram  Used when clarifying a cause and effect relationship.[Used during a phase to analyze causes.]  Used to develop countermeasures. [Used during a phase to plan countermeasures.]

8 Cause & Effect Diagram

 Gantt Charts › Useful for depicting simple projects or parts of large projects › Show start and completion dates for individual tasks  PERT Charts › PERT = Program Evaluation Review Technique › Show order of activities or dependencies between activities

T E = 5 T E = 11 T E = 12 T E = 14 T E = 20 T E = 19 T E = 22 T E = 23

12 Task. A project has been defined to contain the following list of activities along with their required times for completion: Activity No ActivityExpected completion time Dependency 1.Requirements collection5- 2.Screen design61 3.Report design71 4.Database design22,3 5.User documentation64 6.Programming54 7.Testing36 8.Installation15,7 a. Draw a PERT chart for the activities. b. Calculate the earliest expected completion time. c. Show the critical path.

a.Draw a PERT chart for the activities. Using information from the table, show the sequence of activities

b. Calculate the earliest expected completion time. 1. Using information from the table, indicate expected completion time for each activity Calculate earliest expected completion time for each activity (T E ) and the entire project. Hint: the earliest expected completion time for a given activity is determined by summing the expected completion time of this activity and the earliest expected completion time of the immediate predecessor. Rule: if two or more activities precede an activity, the one with the largest T E is used in calculation (e.g., for activity 4, we will use T E of activity 3 but not 2 since 12 > 11). T E = 5 T E = 11 T E = 12 T E = 14 T E = 20 T E = 19 T E = 22 T E = 23

T E = 5 T E = 11 T E = 12 T E = 14 T E = 20 T E = 19 T E = 22 T E = 23 c. Show the critical path. The critical path represents the shortest time, in which a project can be completed. Any activity on the critical path that is delayed in completion, delays the entire project. Activities not on the critical path contain slack time and allow the project manager some flexibility in scheduling.

1.Operation Process Chart (OPC) 2.Flow Process Chart 3.Flow Diagram

Operations Process Chart By superimposing the route sheets and the assembly chart, a chart results that gives an overview of the flow within the facility. This chart is operations process chart.

Flow Process Chart This chart uses circles for operations, arrows for transports, squares for inspections, triangles for storage, and the letter D for delays. Vertical lines connect these symbols in the sequence they are performed.

Flow Diagram It depicts the probable movement of materials in the floor plant. The movement is represented by a line in the plant drawing.