1. PROJECT SCHEDULING By Deepika chaudhary

2. Project Scheduling Scheduling means estimation of time and resources required to complete activities and organise them. Scheduling means estimation of time and resources required to complete activities and organise them. The following tools can be used in project scheduling The following tools can be used in project scheduling

3. Tools Gantt chart Gantt chart Critical Path Method Critical Path Method PERT chart PERT chart

4. Gantt Chart A conceptually simple and effective technique in Gantt chart. A conceptually simple and effective technique in Gantt chart. A Gantt chart also known as timeline chart can be developed for entire project A Gantt chart also known as timeline chart can be developed for entire project Seperate chart can be developed for each project function Seperate chart can be developed for each project function

5. This calendar oriented chart represent each activity as a bar in calendar starting from the starting date and ending at ending date for that activity. This calendar oriented chart represent each activity as a bar in calendar starting from the starting date and ending at ending date for that activity.

8. A Gantt chart is a popular type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project. Some Gantt charts also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships between activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings and a vertical "TODAY" line (also called "TIME NOW" or "DATA DATE"), as shown here A Gantt chart is a popular type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project. Some Gantt charts also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships between activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings and a vertical "TODAY" line (also called "TIME NOW" or "DATA DATE"), as shown herebar chartproject scheduleterminal elementssummary elementsproject work breakdown structuredependencybar chartproject scheduleterminal elementssummary elementsproject work breakdown structuredependency

9. Critical Path Method In 1957, Dupont developed a project management method designed to address the challenge of shutting down for maintenance and then restarting the plants once the maintenance has been completed. In 1957, Dupont developed a project management method designed to address the challenge of shutting down for maintenance and then restarting the plants once the maintenance has been completed.

10. Given the complexity of process they developed the critical path method for managing of projects. Given the complexity of process they developed the critical path method for managing of projects. CPM provides the following benefits CPM provides the following benefits Provide graphical view of project. Provide graphical view of project. Predicts the time required to view the project. Predicts the time required to view the project.

11. Shows which activities are critical to maintain the schedule and which are not. Shows which activities are critical to maintain the schedule and which are not. CPM models the activities and events of a project as a network. CPM models the activities and events of a project as a network. Activities are depicted as nodes on the network and events that signify the beginning and ending of activities are depicted as arcs or lines between the nodes. Activities are depicted as nodes on the network and events that signify the beginning and ending of activities are depicted as arcs or lines between the nodes.

13. Steps in CPM planning Make a list of all activities involved in the project. Make a list of all activities involved in the project. Determine the sequence of activities. Determine the sequence of activities. Draw the network Diagram Draw the network Diagram Estimate activity completion time. Estimate activity completion time. Identify the critical path ( The critical path is the longest duration path through the network.) Identify the critical path ( The critical path is the longest duration path through the network.)

14. The critical path can be determined through following four parameters. The critical path can be determined through following four parameters. ES – Earliest Start time ES – Earliest Start time EF – Earliest Finish Time EF – Earliest Finish Time LF - Latest Finish Time LF - Latest Finish Time LS – Latest Start Time LS – Latest Start Time

15. ES – The earliest time at which the activity can start given that its precedent activities must be completed first. ES – The earliest time at which the activity can start given that its precedent activities must be completed first. EF- Es + the time required to finish the activity. EF- Es + the time required to finish the activity. LF- the time at which the activity can be completed without delaying the project. LF- the time at which the activity can be completed without delaying the project. LS – Its equal to the latest finish time minus time required to finish the activity LS – Its equal to the latest finish time minus time required to finish the activity

16. Slack Time For an activity is the time between its earliest and latest start time or between its earliest and latest finish time. For an activity is the time between its earliest and latest start time or between its earliest and latest finish time. Slack is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed past its earliest start or earliest finish without delaying the project. Slack is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed past its earliest start or earliest finish without delaying the project.

17. A critical path is the path through the project network in which one for all activities in the path a delay in critical path delays the project. Similarly to accelerate the project it is necessary to reduce the total time required for the activities in critical path. A critical path is the path through the project network in which one for all activities in the path a delay in critical path delays the project. Similarly to accelerate the project it is necessary to reduce the total time required for the activities in critical path.

18. PERT CHART A PERT chart is a project management tool used to schedule organize and coordinate tasks within a project. A PERT chart is a project management tool used to schedule organize and coordinate tasks within a project. PERT stands for program evaluation and review technique a methodology developed by US navy in 1950 to manage the polaris submarine missile program. PERT stands for program evaluation and review technique a methodology developed by US navy in 1950 to manage the polaris submarine missile program.

22. The PERT chart is sometimes preferred over the Gantt chart, another popular project management charting method, because it clearly illustrates task dependencies. On the other hand, the PERT chart can be much more difficult to interpret, especially on complex projects. Frequently, project managers use both techniques. The PERT chart is sometimes preferred over the Gantt chart, another popular project management charting method, because it clearly illustrates task dependencies. On the other hand, the PERT chart can be much more difficult to interpret, especially on complex projects. Frequently, project managers use both techniques.Gantt chartGantt chart