Ch. 6, Sec. 2 Hinduism & Buddhism Vocabulary HinduismBrahmanreincarnation DharmakarmaBuddhism Nirvanatheocracy

Hinduism _____________, the world’s 3 rd largest religion, is one of oldest religions. Began w/the religion of the Aryans, who believed in many gods/goddesses. They borrowed some ideas from conquered people of India—mix of beliefs became Hinduism. Hindus think of all gods/goddesses as different parts of one universal spirit. –Spirit is called _____________. Search for universal spirit is known in ancient writings as Upanishads. Every living beings soul wants to be reunited w/Brahman once they die. Believe soul passes through many lives to get to Brahman. –Soul might be reborn into higher ________ or ________. –Person lives bad life, could be reborn into lower varna/jati.

Hinduism Idea of passing through many lives to reach Brahman is known as ___________________. Determines how they live their daily lives—all life is sacred. ________ is divine law of Hindus. States Hindus must perform duties of their caste or jati. Consequences of a person’s life is called _________. Live a good life and do their duties = good karma Live a bad life = bad karma Dedicated Hindu believed people in higher varna, are superior and supposed to be there. If they live a good life—then belief in reincarnation gives them hope for being reborn into higher social class their next life.

Buddhism Many Indians began questioning Hindu ideas. Siddhartha Gautama founded ___________. He became known as the Buddha or “Enlightened One.” Siddhartha was prince who left his family & wealth to travel. –Once outside palace walls, he witnessed beggars, ill people, homeless people, people suffering of old age, etc. First time he was aware of suffering and started to question: How could their suffering be cured? Lived like a hermit—fasting & sleeping on hard ground. Nearly starved, but had no answers. Legend says he meditated under a tree for ____ days, then he understood. Spent rest of life wandering countryside & telling people what he discovered.

Buddhism Siddhartha did not see normal, everyday world as real. –Believed that only way to find truth was to give up all desires. Pain and sorrow would vanish. Person would reach _________ by giving up desires. State of wisdom, not an actual place. Heart of Buddha’s teachings came from _________________. Fourth truth said to eliminate suffering, they should follow the _________________. Buddha’s ideas became popular b/c he did not accept varna or jati systems. Person’s place in life depended on the person. People wanted to stop being born into new lives, they should only follow Eightfold Path (difference of reincarnation between Hinduism & Buddhism).

Buddhism Buddhism divided into ___________ Buddhism & ___________ Buddhism. Theravada believe Buddha was a great teacher, not a god. Mahayana believe Buddha was a god who came to save people. Special kind of Mahayana Buddhism developed in _________. Mixed with Tibet’s traditional religion and Hinduism. In Tibet, religious leaders, called ____, headed government. –Religious leaders head govt., it is called a ____________. ____________ is the government leader. ____________ is the religious leader.