© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Women 15 to 24 Millions Growing Number of Young Women Worldwide Source: UN, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau This figure shows the number of young women ages 15 to 24. It is a large number— currently 565 million—increasing to 580 million young women by the year Notes on Growing Number of Young Women Worldwide

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Net Enrollment Ratio Primary-school-age children enrolled as a percentage of primary-school-age children Declining Primary School Enrollment, Africa Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau The data shown above indicate that some countries are not only failing to make progress in primary school enrollment but are actually regressing in terms of enrollment. Notes on Declining Primary School Enrollment, Africa

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Ratio of Enrollees to Enrollment-Eligible Population, 2002/2003 Percent Secondary School Enrollment, by Region Source: UNESCO, The 2006 Education for All Global Monitoring Report.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Worldwide, fewer girls than boys enroll in secondary school. In Africa and Asia, more boys than girls attend school, but in Latin America, more girls than boys attend secondary school. Notes on Secondary School Enrollment, by Region

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Olds Who Regularly Receive Print or Broadcast News Percent Exposure to Mass Media Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Note: East and Southern Africa Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys Teens Who Have Had Sexual Intercourse, E. Africa* 15-to-19-Year-Old Women, by Marital Status Percent

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys Teens Who Have Had Sexual Intercourse, W. Africa 15-to-19-Year-Old Women, by Marital Status Percent

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Young Women Who Know of HIV/AIDS and Valid Ways to Prevent It Percent of 15-to-19-year-olds HIV/AIDS-Prevention Awareness, East Africa* *East and Southern Africa Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Young Women Who Know of HIV/AIDS and Valid Ways to Prevent It Percent of 15-to-19-year-olds HIV/AIDS-Prevention Awareness, West Africa Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Young Women Who Know of HIV/AIDS and Valid Ways to Prevent It Percent of 15-to-19-year-olds HIV/AIDS-Prevention Awareness, Asia Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Young Women Who Know of HIV/AIDS and Valid Ways to Prevent It Percent of 15-to-19-year-olds HIV/AIDS-Prevention Awareness, LAC* * Latin America and the Caribbean. Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Olds Who Used a Condom in Their Last Sexual Encounter Percent * East and Southern Africa Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, Condom Use Among Teens, East Africa*

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Olds Who Used a Condom in Their Last Sexual Encounter Percent Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, Condom Use Among Teens, West Africa

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Olds Percent, by method currently used Note: Traditional contraceptive methods include rhythm, withdrawal, breastfeeding, and herbs. Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys. Contraceptives Used by Young Women

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau While the graphic depicts only a handful of countries, it does illustrative some key points. In Bangladesh, where family planning has been a policy focus since the 1970s, use of contraceptives is relatively high. And young women there are more apt to use modern and female-controlled methods (pills and the like). In African countries, where HIV/AIDS-prevention is a priority, condom use is higher than in other areas. Notes on Contraceptives Used by Young Women

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Old Women Percent * East and Southern Africa Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, Teens Using Modern Contraceptives, E. Africa*

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Old Women Percent Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, Teens Using Modern Contraceptives, W. Africa

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Old Women With High Reliance on Traditional Methods Percent currently using Teens Using Traditional Contraceptives Note: Traditional contraceptive methods include rhythm, withdrawal, breastfeeding, and herbs. Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Old Women Percent Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, Unmet Need for Contraception Among Teens

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 18-Year-Olds Who Are Mothers or Are Pregnant With First Child Percent Note: When there are multiple datasets available from 1990s, the most recent one is used. Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, Trends in Teenage Childbearing

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 18-Year-Olds Who Are Mothers or Are Pregnant With First Child Percent Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, Teenage Childbearing, East and Southern Africa

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 18-Year-Olds Who Are Mothers or Are Pregnant With First Child Percent Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys, Teenage Childbearing, West Africa

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau 15-to-19-Year-Olds Who Are Mothers or Are Pregnant With First Child Percent Teenage Childbearing, by Education Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Births to Women Under 20 Who Said Births Were Unintended Percent Unintended Births to East African* Teens *East and Southern African Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys,

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Births to Women Under 20 Who Said Births Were Unintended Percent Unintended Births to West African Teens Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys,

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Births to Women Under 20 Who Said Births Were Unintended Percent Unintended Births to N. African/Asian Teens Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys,

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Births to Women Under 20 Who Said Births Were Unintended Percent Unintended Births to S./Southeast Asian Teens Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys,

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Births to Women Under 20 Who Said Births Were Unintended** Percent Unintended Births to Latin American* Teens * Latin American and Caribbean teens. ** In Peru, data are from women under 19. Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys,

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Women Under 20, by Care Received for Births Three Years Before Survey Percent Prenatal and Delivery Care for African Teens Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Women Under 20, by Care Received for Births Three Years Before Survey Percent Prenatal and Delivery Care for Asian Teens Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Women Under 20, by Care Received for Births Three Years Before Survey Percent Prenatal and Delivery Care for Latin Teens Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Annual number of abortions per 1,000 women 15 to 19 Abortion Among Teens, Latin America* * Latin America and the Caribbean. Source: Alan Guttmacher Institute, Into a New World: Young Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Lives, 1998.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Number of People Under Age 25 Billions The World’s Child and Youth Population Source: UN, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau The number of people under age 25 has more than doubled since the 1950s: from 1.32 billion to 2.70 billion in According to UN medium projections, the number of youth is expected to peak around the year 2030 at over 3 billion, and to slowly decline thereafter. Notes on the World’s Child and Youth Population

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Sex Ratio in the U.S., India, and Selected Indian States, 1991 and 2001 Females per 1,000 males, children 6 and under Sex Ratio Imbalance in India: Too Few Girls Source: Census of India, 2001.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau A declining sex ratio (as defined here) indicates that the female population is declining relative to the male population. The sex ratio for the under-6 population has increased in Kerala, where son preference is weaker, but decreased sharply in Punjab and decreased somewhat in the other states shown. Explanations for this decrease are disturbing. Girls are known to be neglected. Female fetuses have been aborted, and girl babies have been allowed to die after birth. India’s National Family Health Survey II revealed that the number of deaths of girls ages 1 to 4 is estimated to be 1.5 times higher than the number of deaths among boys of the same age because of relative nutritional and medical neglect of girls (by this age, breastfeeding ceases). This death rate is unusual. Notes on Sex Ratio Imbalance in India: Too Few Girls

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau * Percent of children who are breastfed Breastfeeding, by World Region * Most recent year available for each region. Some data unavailable. Note: Both of the breastfeeding practices in the legend are recommended by the World Health Organization. Source: UNICEF, State of the World's Children 2006.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Children Under 5, Most Recent Data Available, Percent Child Malnutrition Measures, by Region Source: UNICEF, State of the World’s Children 2006.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Children Under 5 Who Are Underweight* Percent Child Malnutrition, by Sex * Underweight means abnormally low weight for age. Source: UNICEF, End Decade Database on Child Malnutrition ( accessed June 8, 2006).

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau In countries with a strong son preference (Asian countries such as India), girls are more apt to be underweight than boys. Girls may receive less food and less medical care than boys. Notes on Child Malnutrition, by Sex

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Children Under 5 Who Are Stunted* Percent Child Malnutrition, by Mother’s Education * Children whose height is abnormally low for their age; chronically malnourished. Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Children Under 5, 2000 Deaths per 1,000 live births Child Mortality, by Region Source: UN, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Deaths to Children Under 5, by Cause, * Includes only deaths from diarrhoea during the postneonatal period ** Neonatal causes include diarrhoea during the neonatal period Source: World Health Organization, World Health Report, Causes of Child Mortality, Worldwide

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau According to WHO, more than 10 million children under age 5 die each year. More than one-third of children’s deaths are due to acute respiratory infections or diarrhea. Notes on Causes of Child Mortality, Worldwide

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Causes of Child Mortality, Africa Deaths Among Children Under 5, by Cause, * Includes only deaths from diarrhea during the postneonatal period ** Neonatal causes include diarrhea during the neonatal period Source: World Health Organization, World Health Report, 2005.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Annual number of deaths to infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births Trends in Infant Mortality, by Region Source: UN, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau In the last three decades, the worldwide rate of death to children under age 1 has dropped by nearly one-half: from 93 deaths per 1,000 live births in the early 1970s to 52 deaths at the beginning of the new century. The rate of infant mortality varies widely by region. For example, in Africa, the infant mortality rate is 12 times higher than the rate for more developed regions (89 compared with 7). Notes on Trends in Infant Mortality, by Region

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Rate by Age of Mother at Time of Birth Deaths by age 1 per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys. Infant Mortality, Sub-Saharan Africa

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Rate by Age of Mother at Time of Birth Deaths by age 1 per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period Infant Mortality, North Africa and West Asia Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Rate by Age of Mother at Time of Birth Deaths by age 1 per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys. Infant Mortality, South and Southeast Asia

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Rate by Age of Mother at Time of Birth Deaths by age 1 per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period Infant Mortality, Latin America/Caribbean Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Rate by Age of Mother at Time of Birth Deaths in the first month of life per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys. Neonatal Mortality, Sub-Saharan Africa

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Rate by Age of Mother at Time of Birth Deaths in the first month of life per 1,000 live births over a 10-year period Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys. Neonatal Mortality, South and Southeast Asia