ENDOCRINE SYSTEM T H E

- fast - specific / addressed -electric signals & chemical signals - uses neurons for direct communicationNERVOUS -slow -broadcast -chemical signals -delivers hormones through the circulatory systemENDOCRINE action potentials neurotransmitters hormones

ENDOCRINE - collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood, etc. a dynamic homeostasis -is NOT general / non-specific -specifically targeted cells in the body have receptors to allow hormones to enter

HORMONES PEPTIDE/PROTEIN HORMONES -made from chains of amino acids -polar / water-soluble -bind to receptors on the plasma membranes of cells STEROID HORMONES -made from cholesterol -nonpolar / lipid-soluble -diffuses through plasma membranes binds to receptors in the cytosol or nucleus AMINE HORMONES -made from modified amino acids -polar OR nonpolar PHEROMONES - “ectohormones” -chemicals that are sent out of an organism into the environment -alarm, aggregation, food trails, sexual activity

HORMONES Hormone action depends on the nature of the target cells ex. epinephrine & norepinephrine increases muscle contraction of the heart, dilates blood vessels of skeletal muscles, breaks down glycogen to release glucose in the liver

HORMONES hormone action is based on concentration hormones can cause reactions in seconds to weeks they can be broken down in seconds to weeks Half-life the amount of time it takes for a substance to break down to half of its active concentration ex. Epinephrine has a half-life of 1-2 minutes Cortisol has a half-life of 1-2 hours

HORMONE RESEARCH Research your hormone Is it a Peptide, Steroid, or Amine Hormone Where is it secreted from What are some of its target cells What does it cause the human body to do What do imbalances of that hormone cause OxytocinFollicle-stimulating Hormone Insulin & GlucagonHuman Growth Hormone Antidiuretic HormoneEstrogen AndrogenMelatonin Luteinizing HormoneEndorphins