1. Unit 4.2: The Endocrine System and Blood Sugar Regulation
Day 1

2. Agenda Notes: The Endocrine System Immune System and Ebola
Spring Break HW due tomorrow
Assessment on Thursday and Study Guide and all things immunity due!

3. Common Threads: Unit 4 #1: Regulation and Control
#2: The Cell Membrane
#3: Events at the cellular level affecting the whole organism

4. The Endocrine System The Endocrine System
Control and regulation of responses to internal and external stimuli
Works in conjunction with the nervous system
Helps regulate metabolism, homeostasis, growth, development, reproduction and behavior
How? Through chemical signals:
Hormones: delivered through circulatory or lymphatic system (long distance)
Local regulators: travel by diffusion; effect limited to cells close by

6. Local Regulators Produced by many different types of cells
Cytokines: communication between immune system cells
Prostaglandins: multiple functions, including stimulating contraction of uterus and inflammation
Growth factors: stimulates cell division and proliferation
Nitric Oxide: relaxes blood vessels (vasodialation), increases blood flow

7. Endocrine Signaling Internal or External Stimulus
Your blood sugar goes up
You see a bear
Reception
(signal)
Release of Chemical Signal
Adrenal Gland releases Epinephrine
Pancreas releases insulin
Transduction
(release)
Response
Liver releases glucose
Liver, fat, muscle cells take up glucose
Response

8. Feedback Mechanisms Two types
Positive Feedback Loop: The response to the stimulus increases (+) the response
Negative Feedback Loop: The response to the stimulus reduces (-) the response
Complete questions 1-7
15 minutes

9. Hormones
Released by structures called glands, or by specialized cells in organs
Chemical types:
polypeptides (proteins), amines (from amino acids) and steroids
Water soluble (amino acids and proteins) or lipid soluble (steroids)
Protein receptor receives signal at target cell
Cell Membrane receptors (water soluble)
Cytoplasmic receptors (lipid soluble)
No receptor, no response:
Allows hormones to target specific cell types

11. Water soluble hormone signaling pathway
Lipid soluble hormone signaling pathway
Change shape= change function

12. Differences Lipid Soluble Hormones: Water Soluble Hormones
Moves through cell membrane
Binds to receptor protein in cytoplasm or nucleus
Triggers gene expression: causes gene’s to switch on or off
Water Soluble Hormones
Bind to receptor in cell membrane
Triggers series of molecular interactions in cell
Generates a response: enzyme activation, activation of transport protein, gene expression

13. Steroid: testosterone
Protein: Growth factor—stimulates muscle cell growth

14. Reception
(signal)
Transduction
(release)
Water soluble
Response

15. Immune System
With your group go through the innate and adaptive immune system
Make the connection with how Ebola disrupts the immune system.