psychoanalytic theory A.K.A. psychodynamic theory Sigmund Freud based on case studies & self-analysis childhood & unconscious sexual & aggressive drives

psychoanalytic theory

Id - sexual & aggressive drives - pleasure principle - irrational & impatient

psychoanalytic theory Ego - uses reasoning & planning - fulfills Id in socially-appropriate ways - reality principle

psychoanalytic theory SuperEgo - internalizes external demands - moral conscience (right vs. wrong) - punishes you with guilt, anxiety, etc.

defense mechanisms If the ego cannot balance Id & SuperEgo, anxiety results. Reduce anxiety with self-deceptions.

defense mechanisms Repression Denial Rationalization Displacement Regression Projection Reaction formation Sublimation p. 465

psychosexual stages of development ORAL ANAL PHALLIC LATENCY GENITAL 0 – 1 yr 1 – 3 yr 3 – 6 yr conflicts of overstimulation or over restriction of erogenous zones = fixation castration anxiety penis envy Oedipus/Elektra complex 6 - puberty puberty displacement of impulses repression of impulses

psychoanalysis DREAMS: manifest content latent content free associationTHERAPY: reveals the unconscious conflicts

psychoanalysis Id influences your behavior in everyday life: accidents memory lapses “Freudian slips” random behavior humor defense mechanisms

behaviorism personality & behavior is learned from reinforcements & punishments The environment influences you. You do not influence the environment. behavior is measurable experiments on animals

humanistic perspective rejected both Freud & behaviorism people are good free will self-concept

Carl Rogers Basic human motivation: SELF-ACTUALIZATION To grow emotionally, intellectually, in skills, work, as family member, or relationships.

Carl Rogers SELF CONCEPT REAL SELF IDEAL SELF your perception of who you truly are your perception of who you should be or want to be (shaped by those whose opinions you value)

Carl Rogers SELF CONCEPT REAL SELF IDEAL SELF your perception of who you truly are your perception of who you should be or want to be = you feel competent & emotionally healthy (you are capable of self-actualization)

Carl Rogers SELF CONCEPT REAL SELF IDEAL SELF your perception of who you truly are your perception of who you should be or want to be ≠ psychological problems (you are not capable of self-actualization)

Carl Rogers SELF CONCEPT REAL SELF IDEAL SELF your perception of who you truly are your perception of who you should be or want to be type of positive regard agreement?

Carl Rogers Child has a SELF-CONCEPT that needs: POSITIVE REGARD CONDITIONALUNCONDITIONAL Parents should disapprove of child’s behavior, not the child.

social cognitive view actively process info from social experiences (influences though, feeling, & behavior) high vs low degree of self-efficacy internal vs external locus of control self-concept varies for difference situations

tendency to accept vague descriptions (of our personality) barnum effect

Your personality is composed of various traits.

traits TRAIT THEORY describes & measures specific traits of personality TRAIT stable & enduring tendency in behavior e.g. shyness

NEUROTICISM EXTRAVERSION OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE AGREEABLENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS LOW HIGH calm, not reactive, stable guilt, anxiety, depression quiet, solitary, self-focused outgoing, sociable, sensation- seeking traditional, routine, low risk creative, new ideas & people antagonistic, suspicious trusting, softhearted, complies lazy, aimless, quitter self-disciplined, dutiful, achiever 5 Factor Model

traits you are born with temperament

behavioral genetics What is contribution of genes vs environment to behavior? (ranges from personality to mental illness)

behavioral genetics Family studies Adoption Studies Twin Studies amt of trait ~ relatedness? MONOZYGOTIC TWINS (MZ) DIZYGOTIC TWINS (DZ) MZ > DZ ?

nature vs nurture Monozygotic twins more similar in extraversion & neuroticism than dizygotic twins. Low correlations between adopted children & their adoptive parents. What does this suggest?

nature vs nurture unshared environment shared