Warm Up #1 0 What’s the difference between yellow journalism and muckrakers? 0 Muckrakers- Journalists that wrote reports based on research about corruption and injustices. (Investigative Journalism) 0 Yellow Journalism- journalism that presents little to no well- researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines. 0 Lets practice identifying the difference…

1. Muckraker’s work or Yellow? Yellow! Why?

2. Muckraker’s work or Yellow? Muckraker! A 2004 American documentary film directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock. The film follows a 30-day period during which he ate only McDonald's food. The film documents this lifestyle's drastic effect on Spurlock's physical and psychological well-being, and explores the fast food industry's corporate influence, including how it encourages poor nutrition for its own profit.

3. Muckraker’s work or Yellow? Muckraker! How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York (1890) was an early publication of photojournalism by Jacob Riis, documenting squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s. It served as a basis for future "muckraking" journalism by exposing the slums to New York City’s upper and middle classes.

4. Muckraker’s work or Yellow? Yellow? Why?

5. Muckraker’s work or Yellow? Muckraker! Why? Silent Spring is an environmental science book written by Rachel Carson on September 27, The book documented the detrimental effects on the environment— particularly on birds—of the indiscriminate use of pesticides. Carson accused the chemical industry of spreading disinformation and public officials of accepting industry claims unquestioningly.

6. Muckraker’s work or Yellow? Yellow! Why? $50,000 in 1898, because of inflation, is the equivalent of $1,388, now in 2014!

Progressive Era Day 1: The Environment, Muckraking, Prohibition, and Child Labor

Progressive Era ( ) 0 This era can be seen as a reaction to the industrial Gilded Age. This era is defined by the changing ideas and role of government. The “Progressives” were people who tried to reform society. Their goal was to restore economic opportunities, correct social injustices and reform the government at the local, state, and national level. The Progressive Era brought long lasting changes and was spearheaded by reform leaders that were determined to bring about positive changes to American society.

Gilded Age and Industrial Boom Economic Characteristics  Growth of Industry  Big Business  Poor working conditions Political Characteristics  Increased Political Corruption  Boss Tweed & Political Machines  Patronage/spoils system Social Characteristics  Crowded cities  Poor living conditions  Bad treatment of immigrants and minorities Progressive Era Reforms/reactions to the problems of the Gilded Age.

Progressive Era Reforms/reactions to the problems of the Gilded Age. Political Characteristics  Expansion of individual rights to more Americans  People received greater say in how the government is operated  Emergence of Third Parties  Decline of political machines  Civil Service Reform  Decline in corruption and government waste  Women’s suffrage  Populism Economic Characteristics  Anti-Trust Laws  Lower Tariffs  Banking reform  Federal Income Tax  Interstate Commerce Commission  Improving efficiency  Laws Protecting workers Social Characteristics  Muckrakers  Laws Protecting workers  Social Work/Helping the Poor  Child Labor Laws  Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement  Increased Immigration  Increased Nativism  Prohibition (Temperance)  Conservation Movement

Social Reforms and Changes Environment Conservation Movements: 0 John Muir helped persuade Theodore Roosevelt to set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves and over 50 wildlife sanctuaries and several national parks. The National Park Service is a U.S. federal agency that manages all national monuments and parks.

Discussion Question 0 What is the difference between Conservation and Preservation? 0 Use your phone! Google this: 0 Search “What’s the difference between Conservation and Preservation?” 0 Then click on second link (It’s the National Park service one) 0 Scroll down to the “Background” section and read the 1 st paragraph.

Social Reforms and Changes Muckraking 0 Muckrakers – Journalist who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines in the early 20 th century. (published truthful reports involving social issues)

Social Reforms and Changes Muckraking A famous Muckraker: 0 Upton Sinclair – author; wrote The Jungle which exposed the conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry in stockyards, causing a public uproar and leading to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act

Social Reforms and Changes Muckraking 0 Pure Food and Drug Act – the legal act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes

Discussion Question 0 How did the “muckrakers” like Upton Sinclair help the reform movements?

Social Reforms and Changes Prohibition 0 Prohibition - is the legal act (18 th Amendment) of prohibiting or outlawing the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcohol and alcoholic beverages.

Social Reforms and Changes Prohibition 0 What was the cause? – The belief that alcohol was leading to the decline of society, alcohol was blamed for many of society's ills, among them severe health problems, poverty, and crime. 0 Women’s Christian Temperance Union was a big supporter of prohibition. 0 How did they get the government to pass the 18 th ? 0 Lobbying – the act of persuading legislators to vote for legislation (laws) that favors an advocacy group

Social Reforms and Changes Prohibition 0 18 th Amendment – Made consuming alcoholic beverages illegal. 0 What were the effects of Prohibition? We will see what happens when we get to the 1920’s.

Discussion Question 0 Is there any connection between prohibition and with a substance that is illegal today? 0 What are the similarities? 0 What are the differences?

Social Reforms and Changes Child Labor 0 Child Labor Issues: 0 Accidents caused by fatigue 0 Health problems 0 Stunted growth 0 Long hours 0 Low pay 0 Child Labor Groups: Worked to protect children and to end child Labor 0 Progressives worked towards ending child labor.

Discussion Question 0 If child labor ended, what public institution became an important role in the development of children?

Critical Writing Question for Day 1 The meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped into old barrels in the cellar and left there. Under the system of rigid economy which the packers enforced, there were some jobs that it only paid to do once in a long time, and among these was the cleaning out of the waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water—and cartload after cartload of it would be taken up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the public’s breakfast. — Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906 Day 1: After reading the excerpt from “The Jungle”, what kind of reaction do you think the American people had after reading it? What was a major effect of “The Jungle”? (Read back over your notes if you need hints)

Another excerpt from the Jungle… 0 There were men who worked in the cooking-rooms, in the midst of steam and sickening odors, by artificial light; in these rooms the germs of tuberculosis might live for two years, but the supply was renewed every hour. There were the beef-luggers, who carried two-hundred-pound quarters into the refrigerator-cars; a fearful kind of work, that began at four o’clock in the morning, and that wore out the most powerful men in a few years. There were those who worked in the chilling-rooms, and whose special disease was rheumatism; the time-limit that a man could work in the chilling-rooms was said to be five years. There were the wool pluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle-men; for the pelts of the sheep had to be painted with acid to loosen the wool, and then the pluckers had to pull out this wool with their are hands, till the acid had eaten their fingers off. What other issue does Upton Sinclair point out in his book the Jungle?